Big Idea 5 (21-26%) Flashcards
digital divide
refers to differing access to
computing devices and the Internet, based on
socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic
characteristics.
computing bias
Computing innovations can reflect existing
human biases because of biases written into
the algorithms or biases in the data used by the
innovation.
citizen science
scientific research
conducted in whole or part by distributed
individuals, many of whom may not be
scientists, who contribute relevant data to
research using their own computing devices.
crowdsourcing
the practice of obtaining
input or information from a large number of
people via the Internet.
personally identifiable information (PII)
information about an individual that identifies,
links, relates, or describes them (EX: age, race, phone #)
authentication
measures protect devices
and information from unauthorized access.
multifactor authentication
a method of
computer access control in which a user is only
granted access after successfully presenting
several separate pieces of evidence to an
authentication mechanism ( 2 steps to unlock protected info)
encryption
the process of encoding data to
prevent unauthorized access
decryption
is the
process of decoding the data
symmetric key encryption
involves one key
for both encryption and decryption.
public key encryption
pairs a public key for
encryption and a private key for decryption
computer virus
a malicious program that
can copy itself and gain access to a computer
in an unauthorized way
malware
software intended to damage a
computing system or to take partial control
over its operation.
phishing
a technique that attempts to trick
a user into providing personal information.
keylogging
the use of a program to record
every keystroke made by a computer user in
order to gain fraudulent access to passwords
and other confidential information.
