Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bovine Clinical Studies > Bill- Lamness and Claws > Flashcards

Bill- Lamness and Claws Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 8 steps to examining a lame cow

A 
Which leg
Above claw lesions or swelling
External surface of both claws
Restrain and lift leg
Grind away superficial surface
White line
Hoof testers
Upper limb examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is interdigital necrobacillosis and what is it caused by

A

Foot rot caused by fusobacterium necrophorum

Enters through cuts and abrasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the clinical signs of foot rot

A

Febrile cows with swellings of coronet and pastern

Complications include septic arthritis and abscessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you treat foot rot

A

Procaine penicillin (WHP 72hrs) or ceftiofur (WHP0) but more expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you prevent foot rot

A

Good maintenance of tracks to reduce stones etc
Reduce moisture
Promptly treat affected animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an interdigital fibroma and how do you manage it

A

Fleshy growth that hangs between the toes
Normally more than one foot affected
Surgically remove using a nerve block and wire the toes together for 1 week with antibiotic powder applied daily
Recurrence is common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is interdigital dermatitis caused by and how is it managed

A

Mild infection of the skin between the claws caused by Dichelobacter nodosus
Doesn’t normally cause lameness but is contagious and has a foul smell
Treat with topical oxytet or copper sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is digital dermatitis and what is it caused by

A

Thought to me multifactorial but mainly by Treponema infection when skin barrier is weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three types of lesions reported in digital dermatitis

A

Erosions
Wart like lesions
Non healing lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen with the erosive form of digital dermatitis

A

Red, moist exudative lesion above interdigital cleft on the plantar aspect of pastern
AKA Strawberry footrot
More common on hind feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is seen with the wart like form of digital dermatitis

A

Hairy foot warts and skin hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment and control of digital dermatitis

A

Topical oxytet with bandage or foot bath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is thin sole and what are some risk factors for it developing

A

It is excessive wear of the sole

Walking long distances and time spent on concrete are important risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some clinical signs of thin sole and what does treatment involve

A

Sore footed or shuffling gait
All four feet and sole is bruised and blood stained
Treatment is rest and time off concrete and as little walking as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is bruised sole and where does it occur most

A

Aseptic traumatic pododermatitis
Soles are worn abnormally thin and flat
Hind in older cows
Fore in heifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is seen and how is it treated in bruised sole

A

Haemorrhage that is visible through the sole
Make sure there is no penetration
If brusing is the only problem, don’t remove horn
Apply a block if only one claw affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a sole abscess and when can it occur

A

Septic traumatic pododermatitis
Separation of the sole and wall in the toe region
Can occur as a result to dirt and bacteria entering a puncture wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of a sole abscess

A

Rapid lameness with intense pain
Affected foot is very sensitive to hoof testers
Characteristic gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you treat a sole abscess

A

Drain and release the pus
Remove under run horn
Apply a block to the unaffected claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you apply a block

A 
Clean and dry claw
Scrape or sand sole
Dry the claw with metho
Choose a right or left block
Prepare and apply glue as per instructions
Apply to the healthy claw
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is white line disease, what causes it and what are its risk factors

A

White line is the connection between the sole and wall
Caused by penetrating FBs
Risk factors include excessive walking on hard surfaces, sharp turns, wet and dirty underfoot conditions that soften claw horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the clinical signs of white line disease

A

Haemorrhage, fissure and abscess along the white line

Infection tracking up wall or under sole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the progression of white line disease

A

Once separation occurs, small stones get into the gap that can cause a draining sinus at the coronet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment of white line disease includes what

A 
Pare out cracks and wall
Let pus escape
Flush with povidone iodine solution
Apply a block
No need for antibiotics or bandaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a sole ulcer
Pododermatitis circumspicta | Raw granulating lesion about 1cm in diameter concealed below a layer of discoloured horn
26
Where is a sole ulcer always located and why
Lateral hind claw distal to flexor tuberosity of distal phalanx because of excessive pressure
27
How can you treat a sole ulcer
Render sole concave and slope thin horn around any protruding corium Apply block May need antibiotics May need astringent dressing if granulation is excessive
28
What is an axial wall crack
Crack in the inner wall of claw | Lateral hind claws
29
When do most cows become lame from an axial wall crack
After heavy rainfall because fine mud particles get compacted in and can cause infection in the crack
30
When is the most pain occurring in a axial wall crack
When two edges of the crack move, pulling and pushing the lamellae
31
What is the treatment for an axial wall crack
``` Remove debris and pare adjacent to crack Remove under run horn Excise granulation tissue Apply block Apply astringent dressing and give antibiotic treatment if there is an infection ```
32
What is a vertical fissure of the claw wall
Sand crack Split in the dorsal claw wall from coronary band to any distance Front lateral claw and not normally assoc with lameness
33
What is a horizontal fissure
Hardship groove Interrupted claw growth due to a number of reasons This can include severe upset in metabolism or systemic illness
34
How long after the insult will a horizontal fissure apprea
3-4mths
35
What will happen to the distal claw wall in a horizontal fissure
Distal wall will peel off or if it stays attached will cause variable lameness Best to take the claw off with heavy casting and sedation
36
What is septic arthritis
Deep sepsis of the digit | Occurs as an extension from another injury
37
What will be seen with septic arthritis
Severe lameness with marked atrophy of the affected leg | Pus may discharge at the site of original entry or above the coronet
38
Where can the infection spread with septic arthritis
Tendons and tendon sheath
39
What are the treatment options for septic arthritis
Antibiotics unrewarding Slaughter Amuptation- may decrease life in the herd
40
What is laminitis and what is it caused by
Disturbance in the microcirculation of the corium that results in impaired horn production
41
What pathological changes happen with laminitis
Diffuse softening and discolouration, haemorrhage in the sole and heal Ulcers White line lesions
42
What are the three classifications of laminitis
Acute, chronic and subclinical
43
What causes acute laminitis
Carbohydrate overload
44
What does acute laminitis look like
Saw horse stance, stiff walk with arched back | Warm hoof wall due to vasodilation
45
How do you treat acute laminitis
NSAIDs and antihistamines
46
What is chronic laminitis and how do you treat it
Develops over a prolonged period of time Leads to deformation of the claw No treatment really
47
What is subclinical laminitis
Chronic condition recognised by poor horn quality, haemorrhages in sole and white line
48
What condition is subclinical laminitis usually associated with
SARA
49
What is a useful trick to determine whether you have an upper or lower limb lameness
Poke with a stick or spray water at the interdigital space and if it is an upper limb lameness the cow will be reluctant to lift her leg
50
What is a dislocated hip
Coxo-femoral luxation | Normally displaced craniodorsally
51
How do you treat a hip dislocation
Heavy sedation with xylazine LR and tie her to two solid objects Pull the leg and rotate the femur by pushing down on stifle and lifting the hock Loud clunk if successful
52
What is the prognosis for a hip dislocation
Better the earlier it is treated | Poorer if recurrence
53
What is a sacroiliac luxation and what is the treatment
PArtial or complete separation of the fibrocartilaginous joint surface NSAIDs and salvage and slaughter
54
What do pelvic fractures look like
Knocked or dropped hips with minor lameness Prognosis is good If ileum protrudes through skin, remove it
55
What is an upward patellar luxation
Patella fixed on medial aspect of upper part of femoral trochlea
56
What does an upward patella luxation look like and how should you treat it
Leg gets 'left behind' and dragged forward | Surgical intervention is required as it gets worse over time
57
What is stifle instability and what is it caused by
Femorotibial instability | Trauma that results in cruciate tear, injuries of menisci, rupture of collateral ligament
58
What is found on PM of stifle instability animals
Large amounts of joint fluid and osteophytes and calcification
59
What is spastic paresis
Elso heel | excessive tone and spastic contraction of the gastrocnemius muscles
60
What causes septic arthritis
Penetration of a FB, extension of cellulitis and haematogenous spread
61
What are the clinical signs of septic arthritis
Sudden lameness Swollen joints Limited joint movement Rapid muscle atrophy of limb
62
How can you treat septic arthritis
Unrewarding in adults but can be good in calves if use antibiotics for long enough Procaine penicillin, ampicillin and NSAIDs
63
What is brachial plexus injury/paralysis
Calves- pulling too hard during dystocia | paralysis of the entire fore limb and unable to weight bear
64
Radial paralysis
Recumbent animals- milk fever | Able to weight bear but is knuckled over
65
Sciatic nerve paralysis
Both hind legs paralysed and face in a cranial direction
66
Peroneal paralysis
Knuckling of fetlock and extension of hock | Secondary to milk fever
67
Obturator paralysis
Difficult calving Legs out to the side Cant bring legs close to body Guarded prognosis
68
What are the four risk factor and control groups when discussing lameness
Cow comfort- impatient handling, slippery concrete and sharp turns Nutrition- avoid abrupt changes Cow factors- age, stage of lactation Environment- wet and hot weather

Bovine Clinical Studies (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions