Bio 100 Final

Question 1

artificial Selection

Answer 1

Breeding certain breeds to create a desired breed

Question 2

Lamarck

Answer 2

Father of evolution. remembered for an idea that was false. Idea was: changing your behavior to change your DNA.

Question 3

Darwin

Answer 3

Father of Natural Selection

Question 4

Reasons natural selection happens

Answer 4

Overproduction
Limited Resources
Genetic Variation
Survival of the Adequate

Question 5

How to measure biological success

Answer 5

Survival and reproduction

Question 6

Evidence of Evolution

Answer 6

Fossils
Bio-Geography (a plant transported from one continent to another)
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Comparative Behaviors
Molecular Biology (Comparing DNA)

Question 7

Mammals Separated into 4 groups:

Answer 7

Mammal-Like reptiles
Montremes (platypus - the only animal w/o nipples)
Marsupials - Born Premature
Placentals - Bears squirrels

Question 8

General body plans of animals

Answer 8

Symmetry
Cephalization (can tell where head is located)
type of guts
body cavities
segmentation
Tissue differentiation

Question 9

Phylum: Porifera

Answer 9

Sponges

Synap: No tissue, spicules (little needles)

Question 10

Phylum: Cnidaria

Answer 10

Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals

Synap: Radial Symmetry

Question 11

Phylum: Platyhelminthes

Answer 11

Flatworms and Tapeworms

Synap: bilateral symmetry

Question 12

Phylum: Moluscs

Answer 12

Slugs

Synap: Mantle

Question 13

Phylum: Nematoda

Answer 13

Roundworms

Synap: pseudocoelom - gut cavity isn’t lines with mesosperm

Question 14

Phylum: Echinoderms

Answer 14

Starfish and Sand dollars

Synap: Pentaradial Symmetry

Question 15

Phylum: Cordata

Answer 15

Fish (we humans also fall under this phylum)

Synap: Dorsal Nerve Cord, Throat slits, Post anal tail

Question 16

What do insects have (body)

Answer 16

6 legs and 3 body regions

Question 17

Things that make Humans unique

Answer 17

The EXTENT to which we use the following: Tools, Brains, Culture, Thumbs, Language, Math, Habitat Manipulation.
Also eternal perspective

Question 18

Why reproduce?

Answer 18

Continuity, and increase population

Question 19

Definition “Obligate Out-Crosser”

Answer 19

Must reproduce asexually

Question 20

Definition “Facultative Out-Crosser”

Answer 20

Can Choose to produce asexually or sexually

Question 21

What is Pando?

Answer 21

A network of aspens that’s the largest living organism in the world

Question 22

Why do we have a sex drive?

Answer 22

willingness to pair

Question 23

3 things that plants are:

Answer 23

1. Multicellular
2. Phototroph (means doesn’t produce it’s own food)
3. Uses Chlorophyll A and B during Photosynthesis (only synapomorphy of plants)

Question 24

4 groups of plants:

Answer 24

1. Bryophytes (Moss)
2. Ferns & Relatives
3. Gymnosperms (conifers (type of tree))
4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 25

Why do plants exist?

Answer 25

to make more plants

Question 26

How to flowers reproduce?

Answer 26

By dispersing gametes in random ways (pollination)

Question 27

definition: Whorl

Answer 27

spinny part of the flower

Question 28

Plants are either: (2 categories)

Answer 28

Monocots or Dicots

Question 29

Plants: Cotyledon, Monocot vs. Dicot

Answer 29

Embryo of the seed Monocot has 1 Dicot has 2

Question 30

Plants: Floral Parts (petals), Monocot vs. Dicot

Answer 30

Monocot has petals in multiples of 3 | Dicot has petals in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 31

Plants: Leaf Veins, Monocot vs Dicot

Answer 31

Monocot has parallel veins | Dicot has net like veins

Question 32

Plants: Vascular Tissue, Monocot vs Dicot

Answer 32

Monocot has tissue throughout ground of stem | Dicot has tissue in the ring of the stem

Question 33

Kingdom Fungi: 3 Characteristics

Answer 33

1. Multicellular 2. Heterotrophic 3. Extracellular Digestion (synap of Fungi)

Question 34

5 kinds of Fungi:

Answer 34

1. Mold 2. Sac Fungi (yeast, penicillin) 3. Club Fungi (Mushrooms) 4. Fungi Imperfecti 5. Lichens (mutualism with another organism (grows on trees))

Question 35

Protista have 4 roles: | protists are not plants, animals, or fungi. But their own group

Answer 35

1. Decomposers 2. Pathogens 3. Photosynthesizers 4. Chemosynthesizers

Question 36

What is life? (4 traits)

Answer 36

1. Cells and Metabolism 2. Requires energy levels 3. Senses and responds to changing conditions 4. Grows and reproduces

Question 37

Viruses (not cellular, not living, but almost) | 2 characteristics:

Answer 37

1. Protein coat surrounding the Nucleic Acid | 2. Can't reproduce by itself

Question 38

4 Types of viruses:

Answer 38

1. Common cold 2. Influenza 3. HIV 4. AIDS

Question 39

What's HIV?

Answer 39

Human Immunodeficiency Virus | knocks down immune system so you can't fight off diseases

Question 40

What's AIDS?

Answer 40

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | A set of conditions that results from HIV

Question 41

What is a Habitat?

Answer 41

An organism's Address

Question 42

What is a Niche?

Answer 42

An organism's Job

Question 43

"Competitive Exclusion Principle"

Answer 43

2 species that require identical resources cannot coexist indefinitely

Question 44

"Red Queen Hypothesis"

Answer 44

You have to run as fast as you can just to stay in place

Question 45

What will be the cause of the 6th extinction?

Answer 45

Humans

Question 46

Biotic Province

Answer 46

Major Divisions of the earth bases on phylogenetically related assemblages (homology). based on who is related to who. Province = Homo

Question 47

Biome

Answer 47

Land region distinctive by it's habitat, community structure, niche and species (analogous). Biome = Analogy

Question 48

Abiotic Biome Factors:

Answer 48

Temperature, Water, Elevation, Light, Moisture, Chemistry, Nutrients, Fire.

Question 49

Elements found in living things (6 things)

Answer 49

``` (CHONPS) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulphur ```

Question 50

Education strategy (top methods)

Answer 50

Facts, concepts, methods, application, relevance, and life long learning

Question 51

Discovery Tools humans use

Answer 51

Faith, Force, Consensus, Art, Science

Question 52

Age of Universe

Answer 52

13.8b years

Question 53

Age of Earth

Answer 53

4.6b years

Question 54

Earliest Life on earth (years ago)

Answer 54

3.5b years

Question 55

Earliest Homo sapiens (years ago)

Answer 55

200k years

Question 56

5 cool things about water

Answer 56

(PT CSI) 1. Polar 2. Thermal Buffer 3. Cohesion 4. Solvent 5. Ice Floats

Question 57

Life emerges when what 2 elements are mixed?

Answer 57

Water and Carbon

Question 58

3 Kinds of bonds: strongest to weakest

Answer 58

Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Hydrogen Bonds

Question 59

4 Macromolecules of life

Answer 59

1. Carbs 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acid

Question 60

Central Dogma of molecular biology

Answer 60

DNA makes RNA makes Protein (Replication (loops)) -> (Transcription) -> (Translation) (Regulation (loops)) (RTTR)

Question 61

Phylum: Arthropod

Answer 61

Crabs, Beetles Synap: exoskeleton, segmented body God created the most arthropods

Question 62

Why asexual reproduction?

Answer 62

Quickly fills a habitat

Question 63

Why sexual reproduction?

Answer 63

Diversity!

Question 64

What things should humans consider before their population reaches the carrying capacity?

Answer 64

Stewardship and responsibility The possibilities of limited resources Alternative technologies to support life The impact of their population on themselves and other species

Question 65

Types of wealth of a country

Answer 65

Material, Cultural, Biological

Question 66

What does it mean to be human? (what should we respect?)

Answer 66

Treat material, cultural, and living things with respect.

Question 67

What is life? (definition 2)

Answer 67

``` Order, Complex organization Regulation. Homeostasis Growth and development. Genes Use energy Respond to the environment Reproduce Evolve ```