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Bio 100 > Bio 100 Unit #4 > Flashcards

Bio 100 Unit #4 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

These are the 5 functions of the circulatory system.

A
  1. Delivering Nutrients 2. Collecting Metabolic Wastes from Cells 3. Regulation of body temperature 4. Fighting infection 5. Distribution of Hormones
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2
Q

This is what happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during INHALATION.

A

the volume INCREASES

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3
Q

This is the type of digestion that occurs in the mouth.

A

Mechanical AND Chemical

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4
Q

The purpose of fermentation is this.

A

To release NAD+ for glycolysis. No ATP is produced by fermentation.

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5
Q

This sticky substance is found in both the digestive and respiratory systems.

A

Mucus

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6
Q

Name 2 types of fermentation.

A

Alcohol and Lactic Acid fermentation

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7
Q

Name the 2 products of lactic acid fermentation.

A

NAD+ and lactic acid

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8
Q

Name the 3 products of alcohol fermentation.

A

NAD+, alcohol, and CO2

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9
Q

Name the four valves found in the heart.

A

Tricuspid, Pulmonary (right side) Mitral, & Aortic (left side)

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10
Q

These are the 3 conditions for an ideal respiratory surface.

A

a. Moist for dissolving O2 b. Huge surface area c. Single layer of cells

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11
Q

Saliva is important for 2 reasons, what are they?

A
  1. Contains digestive enzymes 2. Lubricates food for swallowing
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12
Q

These are the products of converting pyruvate.

A

NADH, CO2, & Acetyl Co-A

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13
Q

This is where blood travels from each atrium.

A

Ventricle

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14
Q

This is one purpose of inhalation.

A

Provides O2 for cellular respiration

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15
Q

Name the 2 sphincters connected to the stomach & their location.

A

Cardiac: between esophagus & stomach Pyloric: between stomach & small intestine

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16
Q

If an oxidation reaction occurs this happens also.

A

Reduction reaction

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17
Q

Name 3 organs that PRODUCE secretions for DIGESTION in the duodenum.

A

Liver: bile Pancreas: pancreatic juices Duodenum: peptidase

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18
Q

This is the pathway of air from the larynx.

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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19
Q

This this the purpose of Adenosine Triphosphate.

A

Usable energy!! (ATP)

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20
Q

These are 2 pathways of circulation.

A

Systemic & Pulmonary

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21
Q

This circulation pathway is from the heart to the lungs & back.

A

Pulmonary

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22
Q

These organisms do lactic acid fermentation.

A

Mammals & some bacteria

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23
Q

This process drives gas exchange in the alveoli.

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

This circulation pathway is from the heart to the BODY & back.

A

Systemic

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25
This structure relaxes & moves upward during exhalation.
Diaphragm
26
CO2 moves in this direction in the lungs.
From capillaries to alveoli
27
O2 moves in this direction in the lungs.
From alveoli to capillaries
28
This process uses muscles to squeeze food through the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
29
This is the estimated number of ATP produced by cellular respiration from one glucose molecule.
32
30
These blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart.
Arteries
31
The trachea has rings of this material to keep it open at all times.
Cartilage
32
This structure STORES bile for the liver.
Gallbladder
33
These organelles produce the majority of cellular ATP.
Mitochondria
34
Dirty blood has these levels of gases.
High CO2 Low O2
35
Name 3 pancreatic secretions.
Insulin, pancreatic juices, sodium bicarbonate
36
This is oxygen's role in the ETC.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC.
37
These blood vessels carry blood toward the heart.
Veins
38
This flap covers the trachea.
Epiglottis
39
This is the 3 steps of cellular respiration, in order.
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC
40
This is the final product of glycolysis.
Pyruvate
41
Humans have this type of circulation.
Closed
42
This process uses glucose and O2 to produce ATP.
Cellular respiration
43
Though the stomach does some mechanical digestion, the majority occurs here.
Mouth
44
This part of the brain causes the diaphragm to contract.
Medulla oblongata
45
Low O2 blood is found in these structures of the heart.
Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Arteries
46
This is the equation for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --\> 6CO2 + 6H2O (& ATP!)
47
This substance uses salts to emulsify (break down) fats in the duodenum.
Bile
48
During exhalation, the rib cages does this.
Relaxes & moves down & in
49
This is the liquid component of blood.
Plasma
50
This happens during an oxidation reaction.
A molecule LOSES an electron.
51
This happens during a reduction reaction.
A molecule GAINS an electron.
52
The large surface area of the small intestine is due to these.
Villi and microvilli
53
Red blood cells of the circulatory system contain this protein for carrying oxygen.
Hemoglobin
54
This is where glycolysis occurs in a cell.
Cytoplasm
55
This is the only electron carrier produced by glycolysis.
NADH
56
This is a fancy name for "chewing".
Mastication
57
This is when blood has low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cell count.
Anemia
58
The ETC produces ATP in this organelle.
Mitochondria
59
Acetyl Co-A is the starting material for this process.
Krebs cycle
60
High levels of this gas in the blood increase breathing rate.
CO2
61
The ETC uses these 2 electron carriers to make ATP.
NADH and FADH2
62
Starch digestion BEGINS here.
Mouth
63
What do each of the blood pressure numbers represent?
Upper = pressure during contraction of heart (systole) Lower = pressure when heart is relaxed (diastole)
64
This organ absorbs excess water from digested material.
Large intestine.
65
This waste gas is produced in the Krebs cycle.
CO2
66
This organ is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion.
Small intestine
67
These cells fight infection.
White Blood Cells (WBC)
68
This is an example of NEGATIVE pressure breathing.
Normal human breathing
69
This is called the citric acid cycle because it produces this acid.
Krebs cycle
70
This is a soft ball of partially chewed food.
Bolus
71
This is a soupy mix of well digested material.
Chyme
72
These structures carry out diffusion for gas exchange.
Alveoli and lung capillaries
73
This is the score you will get on the Unit 4 test.
A!

Bio 100 (5 decks)

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