Bio 121 Lab 8 Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
Phylum echinodermata
A
- endoskeletons of calcareous plates and spines in skin
- pentaradial symmetry
- Triploblastic coelomate
- tubular digestive tracts
- water vascular system*
2
Q
Water vascular system
A
- Provides force necessary for locomotion and feeding
- network of canals connect to tube feet
3
Q
RO: pisaster
A
Phylum: echinodermata Starfish -tidal to deep water -spines on skin -5 arms, central disk -pyloric and cardiac stomach -pyloric caeca = digestive glands -pairs of gonads -separate sexes
4
Q
Madreporite
A
Allows water to move in and out of starfish to maintain pressure
5
Q
Grooves
A
On lower surface where tube feet
6
Q
Tube feet
A
- gas exchange
- muscle nerve fibres for movement
- drawn into groove and protected by spines
- smaller tube feet sensory tentacles@ tip
- eyespot, light sensitive
- mouth (ventral) protected by spines
- branchiae between spines
- pedicellarie
7
Q
Branchiae
A
- Sac like structures between spines for gas exchange
- covered in cilia
8
Q
Pedicellarie
A
- Tiny pincers on flexible stalks
- clean and protect starfish surface
- surround spines
9
Q
Pyloric stomach
A
- Top stomach
- delicate membranous
10
Q
Cardiac stomach
A
-Muscular
Everted to engulf prey
11
Q
Pyloric caeca
A
- digestive glands
- attach to pyloric stomach
- 2 per arm
- secrete digestive enzymes
- storage site for digested material
12
Q
Gonads
A
- under digestive glands
- site gamete production
- gametes released into water
13
Q
Ampullae
A
- attached to tube feet
- part of water vascular system
14
Q
Pisaster friends
A
- Brittle star
- sea lily
- sea urchin
- sea cucumber
15
Q
Phylum chordata
A
- Bilateral symmetry
- segmentation
- Triploblastic coelomate
- invertebrate and vertebrate chordates
- 6 vertebrates
- 4diagnostic features
16
Q
- Chondrichthyes
A
Cartilaginous fish
17
Q
- Osteichthyes
A
Bony fish
18
Q
- Amphibia
A
Amphibians
19
Q
- Reptilia
A
Reptiles
20
Q
- Aves
A
Birds
21
Q
- Mammalia
A
Mammals
22
Q
4 Chordate features
A
- Notochord
- Hollow dorsal nerve chord
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Post anal tail
23
Q
Amphioxus
A
Marine invertebrate that shows the characteristics as an adult
24
Q
RO: perca
A
Phylum: chordata Perch -freshwater -bilateral symmetry -bony scales covered in mucus = protection and passage through water -upper and lower jaws -censory organs in head -eyes -internal ears: balance and hearing -operculum protects gills 4 unpaired fins 2 pairs paired fins -2 pairs nostrils -lateral line system
25
Anterior nostrils
-water in to olfactory sac (detects chemical changes)
26
Posterior nostrils
Water out
27
Lateral line system
- consists of pores connected to internal tubular canals
- bear sense organs
- detects pressure waves
28
Unpaired fins
2 dorsal
1 anal
1 caudal
29
Paired fins
- 2 pectoral (lateral surface behind head region)
| - 2 pelvic immediately ventral
30
Gills
Gas exchange
31
Parts of the gills
- gill arch
- gill rakers
- gill filaments
32
Gill filaments
- Increase surface area for gas exchange
| - convex surface
33
Gill rakers
- short and bony
- concave surface
- strain large particles
34
Swim bladder
- outpushing from pharynx
- originally a lung
- now for buoyancy
35
Digestive tract
Oesophagus > cardiac stomach (temporary storage) > pyloric stomach (chemical digestion) > pyloric caeca (digestion and absorption) > intestine (start duodenum) > anus
36
Spleen
Production and storage of blood cells
37
Elongate testes
Produce sperm
38
Single ovary
Produces egg
39
Sinus venosus
Collects deoxygenated blood from tissue
40
Bulbus arteriosus
- Expanded artery
| - narrows into ventral aorta
41
Dorsal aorta
- Thin black lining running mid-dorsally
| - takes oxygenated blood from gills to body
42
Undulatory swimming
Axial locomotion
43
Perca friends
Amphioxus, minnow, shark, next, frog, snake, turtle, bird, mammal
44
Use of limbs
Appendicular locomotion
45
First land vertebrates
Amphibians
46
Locomotion transition
Axial -> appendicular
47
Transition organs for gas exchange
Gills -> lungs
48
Amphibian gas exchange
Lungs, skin oral cavities
49
Transition skin
No waterproofing, mucous glands and large blood vessels -> thick cells called stratum corneum for waterproofing
50
Stratum corneum
Thick dead cells that form water proof boundary
51
Transition reproduction
External fertilization > amniotic shell > internal fertilization
52
Extraembryonic membranes
-deliver food and oxygen to embryo, take away waste, protect embryo
53
Transition circulatory system
Fish: 2 chambers 1 circuit
Amphibians/reptiles: 3 chambers
Mammals/birds/some reptiles: 4 chambers 2 circuits
54
Two circulatory circuits
1. Pulmonary (lung)
| 2. Systemic (body)
