Bio Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the primary function of proteins in biological systems?
Proteins serve as the building blocks of cells and perform a variety of functions including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules.
True or False: The process of protein synthesis occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation.
True
Fill in the blank: The first step in protein synthesis is called __________.
transcription
What molecule carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
During which stage of protein synthesis is mRNA translated into a polypeptide chain?
translation
Which cellular organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
ribosome
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) dRNA
D) dRNA
What is the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in protein synthesis?
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.
True or False: The genetic code is universal across all living organisms.
True
What is the term for a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
codon
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its __________.
structure and function
What is the significance of the start codon in protein synthesis?
The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.
What happens during the elongation phase of translation?
During elongation, amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain as the ribosome moves along the mRNA.
What is the function of the stop codon in protein synthesis?
The stop codon signals the termination of translation, leading to the release of the newly synthesized polypeptide.
