Expression De Ig Flashcards
(18 cards)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
The double helix structure was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?
- Adenine (A)
- Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
These bases pair specifically (A with T and C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.
True or False: DNA is found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
False
DNA can also be found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Fill in the blank: The process of copying DNA is called _______.
Replication
DNA replication is essential for cell division.
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store and transmit genetic information
DNA provides the instructions for building proteins, which perform various functions in the body.
What are genes?
Segments of DNA that code for proteins
Genes are the basic units of heredity.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
Mutations can lead to changes in protein function and may contribute to diseases.
What is the role of RNA in relation to DNA?
RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and protein synthesis
RNA is synthesized from a DNA template during transcription.
What is transcription?
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Transcription is the first step in gene expression.
What is translation?
The process of synthesizing proteins from RNA
Translation occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Fill in the blank: The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called _______.
Codons
Each codon specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis.
What is a chromosome?
A long strand of DNA coiled around proteins
Chromosomes contain many genes and are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes.
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
It mapped all the genes in the human genome
The project aimed to understand the genetic basis of human diseases.
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
False
Some mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful, depending on the context.
What is epigenetics?
The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence
Epigenetic modifications can be influenced by environmental factors.
What is a plasmid?
A small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria
Plasmids can carry genes that provide bacteria with advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance.
