bio Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the basic tools of DNA manipulation?
The basic tools include PCR, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis.
What is PCR?
PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, a process used to make copies of DNA sequences for further study or manipulation.
How does PCR work?
PCR imitates the normal process of DNA replication in cells and is called a chain reaction because it is repeated over and over.
What are restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments by recognizing specific nucleotide sequences.
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes?
They cut DNA in specific ways and create sticky ends for splicing DNA.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is a process where electrically charged particles move through a liquid or semisolid, often forcing DNA fragments through a gel.
How do DNA fragments behave in gel electrophoresis?
Shorter fragments move faster through the gel, resulting in a lane of fragments sorted by size.
What is RFLP?
RFLP stands for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, which shows that no two individuals (except identical twins) have the same DNA.
What happens when DNA from different individuals is cut with the same restriction enzyme?
Fragments of different lengths are produced, and separating these fragments using gel electrophoresis produces a DNA fingerprint.
What are DNA fingerprints used for?
DNA fingerprints are used to confirm the identity of criminals, family members, or dead bodies.
What is genome mapping?
Genome mapping is the process of determining the relative position of all genes on chromosomes in an organism’s genome.
What is genomics?
Genomics is the study of entire genomes, especially by using technology to compare genes.
What can genomics help determine?
It can help determine the causes of diseases or disorders.
What is genetic counseling?
Genetic counseling informs people about the risk of genetic problems that could affect them or their offspring.
What is produced through genetic engineering?
Various vaccines are now produced through genetic engineering.
What does RFLP do?
helps create a fingerprint
