Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science Combined > BIO > Flashcards

BIO Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give two examples of eukaryotic cells

A
  • Animal cells
  • Plant cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is the control center of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are double-membraned powerhouses that produce the energy (ATP) used for cellular functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for synthesizing, folding, and modifying proteins and lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids that have been synthesized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Lysosomes are organelles that contribute to the cell with cell digestion and waste management.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are molecular machines that are found in all living cells. They are made up of proteins and rRNA. Ribosomes synthesise proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane surrounds and protects the cell and its organelles within the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

simple cells that do not contain a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is RNA? What are they responsible for?

A

RNA is a molecule found in all living cells. It is a single-stranded nucleic acid made up of Ribonucleotides. RNA is responsible for creating amino acids, which create proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name three types of RNA.

A

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do cells vary in size?

A

Cells vary in size, with prokaryotic cells spanning from 0.1 to 5 micrometers, and eukaryotic cells spanning from 10 to 100 micrometers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is standard form?

A

Standard form is a way of expressing very large or very small numbers in a compact form. The expression is: a x 10^n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an order of magnitude?

A

An order of magnitude is a way to classify numbers based on their scale, usually by the power of 10.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts are essential organelles found in plant cells and some algae. They play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the central vacuole?

A

The central vacuole is a large storage sac that helps maintain the cell pressure, store nutrients, and remove waste products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are specialized cells?

A

Specialized cells are unique cells that have specific structures and functions tailored to perform particular tasks within an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name three specialized cells in animals.

A

Nerve cells
Red Blood cells
Muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name three specialized cells in plants.

A

Guard cells
Xylem cells
Phloem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is magnification?

A

Magnification refers to the process of enlarging the appearance of an object when viewed through a microscope or lens. It indicates how much larger the object appears compared to its actual size. Magnification = Size of image ÷ Actual size of object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution is the ability of an optical instrument to distinguish between two closely spaced objects. It determines how clearly and sharply the details of an object can be seen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is DNA?

Study These Flashcards
A

DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information. It is structured as a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder.

24
Q

What are genes?

Study These Flashcards
A

A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein or function. Each gene can be thought of as a set of instructions for making a protein, which performs various roles in the cell.

25
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are long strands of DNA that are tightly coiled and organized around proteins called histones. Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from each parent.
26
What is chromatin?
When a cell is not dividing, the DNA exists in a less condensed form called chromatin. Chromatin allows genes to be accessed for transcription and replication. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes, ensuring that genetic information is accurately distributed to daughter cells.
27
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or type of reaction.
28
Name the ten body systems.
The circulatory system, The respiratory system, The digestive system, The nervous system, The muscular system, The skeletal system, The endocrine system, The immune system, The integumentary system, The reproductive system.
29
What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body. Its key components are the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.
30
What is the respiratory system?
The respiratory system is responsible for breathing and gas exchange. It brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. Its key components are the nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm.
31
What is the digestive system?
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use energy, growth, and cell repair. Its key components are the mouth, the esophagus, stomach, intestines, live, pancreas, and the gallbladder.
32
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating bodily activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Its key components are the brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves.
33
What is the muscular system?
The muscular system enables movement of the body and maintains posture through muscle contractions. Its key components are skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and the cardiac muscle.
34
What is the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provided support, structure, and protection for the body’s organs; also facilitates movement. Its key components are bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints.
35
The endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones, which are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream. Glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas are key components.
36
What is the immune system?
The immune system defends the body against pathogens and diseases. The key components are white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
37
What is the integumentary system?
The integumentary system protects the body from external damage and helps regulate body temperature. Its key components are skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
38
What is the reproductive system?
The reproductive system is responsible for producing offspring and regulating sexual characteristics. Some key components are testes and penis for males, and ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina in females.
39
What is the heart?
The heart pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products. A functioning heart is crucial for maintaining blood circulation and overall bodily health.
40
What is the brain?
The brain acts as the control center for the body, processing information, coordinating activities, and regulating bodily functions. It is responsible for thoughts, emotions, memory, and the regulation of vital processes such as breathing and heart rate.
41
What is the liver?
The liver processes nutrients from food, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces important biochemicals such as bile for digestion. It plays a key role in metabolism, digestion, and detoxification.
42
What are the lungs?
The- lungs facilitate gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled from the body. It is Essential for respiration, which is necessary for providing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide.
43
What are the kidneys?
The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, producing urine for excretion. They are essential for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure.
44
What is the stomach?
The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin, that regulate blood sugar levels. It is vital for digestion and maintaining metabolic balance.
45
What is the pancreas?
The stomach breaks down food using acids and enzymes, preparing it for further digestion in the intestines. It plays a key role in the digestive process.
46
What are pH levels?
pH levels are a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
47
Acidic solutions are?
below pH7
48
Neutral solutions are?
pH7
49
Basic (or alkaline) solutions are?
Over pH7
50
How do you increase or decrease pH levels?
To increase pH (Make it More Basic): You can add substances like baking soda or lime. To Decrease pH (Make More Acidic): You can add vinegar or citric acid.
51
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease in their hosts, including humans, animals, and plants.
52
What is a virus?
Viruses are tiny infectious agents that require a living host to replicate. Some examples include the influenza virus and the virus that causes COVID-19
53
What are bacteria?
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can multiply rapidly. Some bacteria are beneficial, while others can cause diseases like strep throat and tuberculosis.
54
What are fungi?
Fungi are organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular. Fungal infections can affect the skin (like athlete’s foot) or more serious conditions (like histoplasmosis).
55
What are protozoa?
Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can live in water or soil. Some protozoa can cause diseases like malaria and giardiasis.
56
What are helminths?
Helminths are parasitic worms, such as roundworms and flatworms. These can cause diseases like schistosomiasis.
57
Name three ways pathogens can spread:
Vectors, direct contact, and airborne transmission.

Science Combined (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions