BIOLOGY

Question 1

Define eukaryotic cells. Give examples.

Answer 1

Eukaryotes are complex cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
Some examples include:
- Animal cells
- Plant cells
- Fungal cells

Question 2

What is the nucleus?
Where is it located?
What are its functions?

Answer 2

The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It houses the majority of the genetic information like DNA and molecules. It is located in the center of the cell, and it is responsible for genetics and cell function.

Question 3

What is nucleoplasm?

Answer 3

Nucleoplasm is a jelly-like substance located in the nucleus that contains various molecules and structures.

Question 4

The genetic material in the nucleus is found in the form of _________, which is made up of ___ and ________.

Answer 4

The genetic material in the nucleus is found in the form of chromatin, which is made up of DNA and proteins.

Question 5

When the cell is not dividing, chromatin is _______ ______. During cell division, it _________ to form ___________.

Answer 5

When the cell is not dividing, chromatin is loosely packed. During cell division, it condenses to form chromosomes.

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA is synthesized where?

Answer 6

rRNA is synthesized in the nucleolus.

Question 7

What are somatic cells?
What are gametes?

Answer 7

Somatic cells are body cells that make up an organism, excluding reproductive cells like sperm and egg.
Gametes are reproductive cells of animals or plants.

Question 8

What is mitosis?
What is meiosis

Answer 8

Mitosis is a type of cell division used in somatic cells that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cells. It is used in gametes.

Question 9

Organelles are ….

Answer 9

Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions.

Question 10

What are mitochondria?

Answer 10

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They have two membranes and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy used to power most of the cellular functions.

Question 11

Cellular respiration involves:

Answer 11

• Glycolysis (occurs in the cytoplasm).
• Krebs Cycle (occurs in the mitochondrial matrix).
• Electron Transport Chain (occurs in the inner membrane)

Question 12

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of lipids and proteins. There are two types:

• Rough ER (RER)
• Smooth ER (SER)