Bio 2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Mention GABA Source, fate, clinical
Source
From Glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase (B6) GAD
Fate:
1) succinate semialdehyde by GABA Transaminase GABAT
semialdehyde oxidized to succinate (TCA)
Clinical
•GABA Agonist (Anti Anxiety)
Source of Glycine Importance.
1) Serine by Serine hydroxy methyltransferase.
major inhibitory NT
Give hint about Ach Clinical point related
By Ach Tranferase Excitatory NT
Mythenia gravis
Auto immune disease against Ach Rs Severe weakness in skeletal muscle
Who are catecholamine
1- Dopamine
2- Nor Epinephren
3- Epinephren
Take about Dopamine synthesis.
Fate of Dopamine
•Tyrosine by (Hydroxylase) need H4 bioptren →Dopa by decarboxylase need b6 → dopamine
.
• Fate To HVA (homa vanillic acid) By COMIT +MAO
Talk about synthesis of nor Epinephrine ett
Relationship with newborn
Dopamine by ( dopamine B hydroxylase)→ NorEpi
It’s The primary end product Fate in newborn.
Talke about Epinephrine Synthesis and Fate
Role of Cortisol
++ Cortisol (aging)→
phenylethanolamine
N-methyl Transferase which
Norepinephrine → epinephrine
Fate:
Vanillimandelic acid (VMA) By MAO, COMT
Mention.
Clinical Relations to catecholamines
1-Dopamine (parkinson) ↓HVA
Epi+Nor Epi 2-(phenochromocytoma)
cause Hypertension.
Treat by :
a methy Tyrosine inhibit their formation
3- a-Methyl Popa.
inhibit dopa decarboxylase(no norepinephrine)
Treat Hypertension.
4- MAOIS
Antidepresants.
Mention Functions of Seretonin and its synthesis
•Function
1- Mood, apetite and temp.
2- Neurotransmitter
3- For GiT motility.
4-Source of Melatonin in pineal body.
5-Vasconstriction. Ms contraction
From typtophan by Hydroxylase →5-OH Tryp→by decarboxylase → Seretonin
What’s The fate of Seretonin clinical point releated
Fate
5-HIAA by MAO
clinical
SSRIS antidepressants
2) carcinoid Tumor.
(argenta finoma) vit B3 defeciency manifestations pellagra.
mention functions of Melatonin
1- Stimulate immunity
2- Anti oxidant
3- Regulation of sleep pattern
4- circudian Rythm Following
↑dark ↓ Light
Defecient with B-blockers antidepressant
Functions and synthesis of Histamine
• Synthesid from Histidine by decarboxylase
Importance
1- Vasodilator
2- Arousal NT
3- mediate wide range of cellular responses, allergic and inflammatory reactions.
importance of Nitric oxide
Its forming Amino Acid
From L-Arginin by synthetase
importance:
1- potent VD coronary - Cerebral
- Stimulate hormones release From Hypothalamus
3- produced by monocytes, macrophage to kill microorganisms.
4- Relax Git, urinary wall
clinical uses:
1 -Nitroglycrine angina
2 -inhalation in
pulmonary Hypertension
High altitude pulmonary edema.
Q: What are Sources of brain fuels.
1- well Fed
CHO → glucose
2 Fasting
• glucose 2:4 hr after
→liver glycogenlysis glycogenosis lactate, glycerol ,a.as)
•keton bodies: . Starvation.
3 Lactate:
From sustained muscle exercise.
↑↑ lactate glucose utilization neurons perefere lactate over glucose
Q: What’s The Cell in CNS can perform glycogenosis, glycolysis?
Astrocytes
(Warehouse of brain)
Q:why neurons have a slower glycolytic than astrocytes. rate
as PKFb3 is abscent in neurons due to constant proteasomal degradation.
(6phosphoFructose kinase Fructose2,3bis-phosphate)
Q: why Astrocytes have a Fast glycolytic rate.
As it has PFkFb3
which generate of (Fructose 2.6 p2) which is
a potent activator of The glycolytic enzyme
(phospho Fruckto kinase) PFK
Mention
LDH
GLUT
receptors on Astrocytes Neurons.
Astrocytes :
GLUT 1
LDH 5
Neurons:
GLUT 3
LDH 1
Q: HMP pathway and The brain.
HMP produce NADPH
For Glutathione Reductase
generate GSSG GSH keeped reduced form antioxidant of ROS
Q: Enumarde causes of niacine B3 defeciency.
1- Tryptophan Low diet. (Corn) Maize
2- B6 defeciency
3- carcinoid tumor (↓ Tryptophan)
4. Hartnup disease (↓ absorption of Tryptophan)
Q: What is The importance of vit B3
1- NAD / NADP
2- nicotinic acid ↓Plasma cholesterol Level and TAG
inhibit lipolysis
Q: cause of pellagra. its manifestications.
Occurs as a result of niacin B3 defeciency.
characterized by:
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Peminsia
Death
Q: What’s the importance of Thiamine.
make Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) which is Co enzyme for
(1) oxidative de carboxylation of a keto acids (TCA).
(2) De carboxylation of pyruvic in yeast. (PDH)
(3) TransKetolase reaction (HMP)
How to check blood status of Thiamine “Biochemical Tests ??
1-Blood Thiamine ,8% not indicator for total
2- Measure Erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA)
3- TheThiamine pyrophosphate Effect (TPPE)
4- urinary thiamine Level.
5- Estimation blood, Lactate and Pyruvate Level.
