bio 20 8.1-2 blood and circulatory system Flashcards
(25 cards)
Major components of blood
Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and plasma.
major function/components of blood plasma
Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste. It is mostly water but also contains salts and enzymes.
role of RBC
Transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
role of hemoglobin
A protein in RBCs that binds to oxygen and helps transport it in the blood.
roles of WBCs
Defend the body against infection, kill bacteria and viruses, and create immune responses.
where are erythrocytes made
In the bone marrow.
where are leukocytes made
In the bone marrow (some mature in lymph nodes or spleen).
types of WBCs
granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes
roles of WBCs
engulf and destroy foriegn bodies
roles of platelets (in blood clotting)
Platelets stick to injury sites and help form clots to stop bleeding.
how does blood circulate using the pulmonary system
Blood goes from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide, then returns to the heart.
how does blood circulate using the systemic system
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart to the body, then returns with carbon dioxide.
order of blood flow in the heart
Body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body
which major blood vessels carry oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated: Pulmonary vein, aorta
Deoxygenated: Pulmonary artery, vena cava
function of semi lunar valves in the heart
Prevent blood from flowing backward into the heart after it’s been pumped out.
what makes heart sounds
The closing of heart valves — “lub-dub” sounds.
what would cause a heart murmur?
Irregular blood flow, often from valve issues.
how is blood supplied using the coronary arteries
Coronary arteries bring oxygen-rich blood directly to the heart muscle.
difference between arteries and veins (3 differences)
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins bring it back.
Arteries have thicker walls; veins have thinner walls and valves.
Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood; veins usually carry deoxygenated blood.
purpose of a capillary
Exchange gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
how blood vessels constrict and dialate
Smooth muscles in vessel walls tighten (constrict) or relax (dilate) to control blood flow and pressure.
atria and ventricles controlled by what?
SA and AV nodes
how are the atria and ventricles controlled by the SA and AV nodes
The SA node starts the heartbeat and sends a signal to the AV node, which passes it to the ventricles to contract.
different stages of an elctrocardiograph (EKG)
P wave: Atria contract
QRS complex: Ventricles contract
T wave: Ventricles relax
