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Biology 20 > Bio 20: Section 3.3 > Flashcards

Bio 20: Section 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

the average weather conditions in a particular region over time (30 yrs)

A

climate

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2
Q

what two things determine climate?

A

temp and precipitation

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3
Q

what factors determine climate?

A

LOWERN

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4
Q

what does the l stand for?

A

Latitude - distance from equator

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5
Q

what does the o stand for?

A

ocean currents - temp affects air and coast

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6
Q

what does the w stand for?

A

wind - air rising = low pressure, air cooling = high pressure

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7
Q

what does the e stand for?

A

elevation - temp and humidity decreases as u go higher

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8
Q

what does the r stand for?

A

relief - diff. in elevation of land = as air moves over it, temp decreases and condensation increases and rain increases

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9
Q

what does the n stand for?

A

nearness of water - water moderates temp due to high heat capacity

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10
Q

large ecosystems, or similar ecosystems grouped together; has a particular mix of plants, animals, and other organisms

A

biome

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11
Q

the organisms in a biome are adapted to living under ____________ _____________

A

certain conditions

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12
Q

when a biome (like the tropical rainforest) has both high temp and rainfall, it typically has a wide _____________ and _________________

A

variety, abundance

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13
Q

which biome is both hot and has lots of rainfall?

A

tropical rainforest

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14
Q

which biome has a high temp and low rain?

A

desert

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15
Q

which biome has a low temp and low rain?

A

tundra

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16
Q

which biome has relatively low temp and relatively low rain?

A

taiga

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17
Q

which biome has a med. temp and low rain?

A

grassland

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18
Q

which two biomes are side by side with med rain and med temp?

A

temperate deciduous forest & temperate rainforest

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19
Q

which biome has a relatively low rain and high temp?

A

savanna

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20
Q

what is one similarity bw ecosystems and biomes?

A

they both have abiotic & biotic factors

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21
Q

a place or area with a particular set of characteristics, both biotic & abiotic

A

habitat

22
Q

the geographical extent to which a pop. or species can be found

A

range

23
Q

extinction in a certain area

A

extirpation

24
Q

the limit to a species’ range is usually determined by its ______________ requirements

A

habitat

25
Q

the role that members of a species plays in a community

A

ecological niche

26
Q

what are examples of niches?

A

what it eats, when it eats (ex. bats and birds both eat worms), its reproduction

27
Q

the total range of biotic & abiotic requirements

A

ecological niche

28
Q

scenario: the _________________ is the street address of the pop., & the _________________ is the job of that pop.

A

habitat, niche
ex. birds & bats

29
Q

why is an organism that only eats 2 species at a higher risk of becoming endangered than an organims that eats 10 species?

A

b/c it has such a specific niche that it can’t adapt to other things
its food requirements are so limited that if it’s gone, then the organism is in danger

30
Q

explain biodiversity

A

when there’s a range of abiotic factors, there’s more niches, allowing for more biodiversity

ex. lots of water in a lake = can host lots of organism b/c there’s lots of space & some can live in shallow or deep water (so now more niches) = more biodiversity b/c of the range of species living in that lake

31
Q

what controls the growth and distribution of pop.

A

limiting factors

32
Q

pop. can’t grow in an _________________ fashion for a long sustained period of time

A

unlimited

33
Q

what are examples of abiotic limiting factors?

A

water
sunlight
temp
soil quality

34
Q

what are examples of biotic limiting factors?

A

food
predation
competition
parasitism

35
Q

comp. b/w diff species

A

interspecific - 1 species may be outcompeted

36
Q

comp. within same species

A

intraspecific - limits size of pop.

37
Q

they ________________, but if too high, prey pop may decrease to unsustainable levels due to ___________________

A

flunctuate, predation

38
Q

if too high, __________________ could cause the host pop. to decrease to unsustainable levels

A

parasitism

39
Q

the most common way to count or estimate the number of indivi. in a ______________, then calc the ________________

A

sample, average

40
Q

small portions or subsets of an entire pop.

A

sample

41
Q

after finding the average number of organisms in an area from the taking samples, you can then use your calc to __________________ for the entire ecosystem

A

extrapolate

42
Q

a line of a certain length is “drawn”/placed with a random starting point and random direction

A

transect

43
Q

what do you do with a transect line after it’s been placed?

A

count the number of organisms within a certain distance from the line

44
Q

for organisms that tend to remain in one spot & is used to sample a given pop.

A

quadrats

45
Q

what do you call organism that tend to remain in one spot? (ex. plants)

A

sessile

46
Q

quadrats: a study area is determined, and then a number of _____________ locations are chosen within it

A

random

47
Q

after establishing a quadrat, what do you do after that?

A

you count the number of indivi. in that quadrat

48
Q

in an aquatic ecosystem, what is used instead of a quadrat?

A

water column (3D)

49
Q

what is (usually) the area of a quadrat?

A

1 square m

50
Q

remember: when taking samples through any method, they must be _____________ samples in order to allow an equal representation of all indivi.

A

random

Biology 20 (7 decks)

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