BIO 213 Midterm One Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Simple Diffusion? A nonwater molecule moves down its concentration gradient, without the help of a carrier molecule or energy input
A
Yes
2
Q
Osmosis? Water moves into a red blood cell, without the help of proteins
A
Yes
3
Q
Your potted ivy plant is wilted, but perks up after you water it
A
Osmosis
4
Q
The cell captures and engulfs large particles
A
Phagocytosis
5
Q
Active Transport
A
This type of membrane transport moves substances through membrane proteins and requires energy
6
Q
Where in the cell is the enzyme that produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?
A
Inner Membrane
7
Q
Bicyclist at the top of the hill
A
Potential energy of the cyclist is highest
8
Q
Cyclist at the bottom of the hill
A
Kinetic energy of the cyclist is the highest
9
Q
Requires visible light
A
Light reactions only
10
Q
Produces Oxygen
A
Light reactions only
11
Q
Uses water
A
Light reactions only
12
Q
Produces ATP
A
Light reactions only
13
Q
Produces NADPH
A
Light reactions only
14
Q
Occurs in chloroplasts
A
Light and carbon reactions
15
Q
Uses ATP
A
Carbon reactions
16
Q
Uses NADPH
A
Carbon reactions
17
Q
Produces glucose
A
Carbon reactions
18
Q
We are not members of this domain, but it’s the one most closely related to our own domain
A
Archae
19
Q
A prokaryotic cell with a plasma membrane made of nonfatty acid lipids
A
Archae
20
Q
All three domains arose from a common ancestor; this domain was the FIRST to appear
A
bacteria
21
Q
this domain contains the most abundant and diverse organisms
A
bacteria
22
Q
red mushroom is what domain
A
eukarya
23
Q
eukaryotic cell is what domain
A
eukarya
24
Q
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: fungi
A
kingdom
25
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: animalia
kingdom
26
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: taxonomic group containing all bacteria
kingdom
27
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: eukarya
domain
28
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: the most inclusive taxonomic category
domain
29
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: prokaryotes
neither
30
classify as domain, kingdom, or neither: taxonomic group containing all life on Earth
neither
31
what hypothesis are testable using the scientific method "Vitamins make patients' skin more beautiful". : 1. Patients that take vitamins are less likely to conduct illegal activities. 2. Vitamin supplements should be free for all consumers. 3. Vitamin pills will always be the most effective method of meeting daily vitamin requirements.
1. Patients that take vitamins are less likely to conduct illegal activities.
2. Vitamin supplements should be free for all consumers.
32
This structure uses the message to produce proteins
Ribosome
33
These membrane spheres transport materials inside the cell
Vesicles
34
This organelle produces the mRNA "message"
Nucleus
34
This organelle is lined with protein-producing structures
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
35
This organelle packages proteins for export from the cell
The golgi apparatus
36
List from least inclusive (narrowest category) to most inclusive (broadest category): tissue, organelle, cell, organ system, organism, molecule, ecosystem, population, community, atom, biosphere, organ
5, 3, 4, 7, 8, 2, 11, 9, 10, 1, 12, 6
37
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: pH of 3
acidic
38
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: Orange juice
acidic
39
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: H+ concentration of 10^-5
acidic
40
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: pure water
neutral
41
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: pH of 7
neutral
42
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: 2:1 ratio of OH- to H+
Basic
43
classify as acidic, neutral, or basic: soap
basic
44
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: argon
nonessential
45
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: aluminum
nonessential
46
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: helium
nonessential
47
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: carbon
essential bulk
48
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: nitrogen
essential bulk
49
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: hydrogen
essential bulk
50
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: calcium
essential bulk
51
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: iron
essential trace
52
classify as nonessential element, essential bulk element, or essential trace element: iodine
essential trace
53
Which of the following is/are among the functions of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? 1. helps in cell division 2. aggregates to form the nuclear envelope 3. transports organelles within cell 4. binds cells together 5. gives cells shape and structure
1,3,4,5
54
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? all cells come from preexisting cells
yes
55
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? variation in cell structure is the foundation of evolutionary change
no
56
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? the cell is the fundamental unit of life
yes
57
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? a cell is only considered alive if it interacts with another cell
no
58
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? in a multicellular organism, each cell is an organism in its own right
no
59
is this a component of cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow? all organisms are made of one or more cells
yes
60
Suppose that the enzymes that catalyze the dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions that build and break down organic compounds are sensitive to temperature. They operate most quickly at 30°C and become slower as the temperature cools. Match the result of the reactions below.
At 20°C the enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of polysaccharides functions at 1 reaction every 20 microseconds. If this enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis reactions of a very long polysaccharide molecule for 120 microseconds, into how many segments would this long polysaccharide be cut?
7
61
Suppose that the enzymes that catalyze the dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions that build and break down organic compounds are sensitive to temperature. They operate most quickly at 30°C and become slower as the temperature cools. Match the result of the reactions below.
At 20°C the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of triglycerides functions at 1 reaction every 25 microseconds. If this enzyme catalyzes dehydration synthesis reactions for 450 microseconds, bonding fatty acids to glycerol, what is the maximum number of complete triglycerides that could be formed if no fatty acids were bonded to glycerol at the beginning of the reactions?
6
62
Suppose that the enzymes that catalyze the dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions that build and break down organic compounds are sensitive to temperature. They operate most quickly at 30°C and become slower as the temperature cools. Match the result of the reactions below.
At 25°C the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids from triglycerides functions at 1 reaction every 6 microseconds. If this enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis reactions for 96 microseconds, what is the maximum number of glycerol molecules that could be stripped of all of their fatty acids?
5
63
Suppose that the enzymes that catalyze the dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions that build and break down organic compounds are sensitive to temperature. They operate most quickly at 30°C and become slower as the temperature cools. Match the result of the reactions below.
At 25°C the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins functions at 1 reaction every 3 microseconds. If this enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis reactions of a very long polypeptide molecule for 27 microseconds, how many segments would the polypeptide be cut into?
10
64
Species in domain bacteria stopped evolving millions of years ago. T/F
False
65
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: In these bonds, an electron is completely pulled from one atom to another
Ionic
66
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: The electronegativity difference is always high between atoms
ionic
67
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: sodium chloride
ionic
68
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: atoms of this bond might have equal electronegativities
covalent
69
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: this bond might be polar or nonpolar
covalent
70
Classify as either ionic or covalent bond: methane
covalent
71
A helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds is an example of:
secondary structure of protein
72
In the stable form of a protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule?
Hydrophobic portions
73
When an egg is fried, what happens to the proteins?
the protein is denatured
74
What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
75
Photosynthesis
Multiple Choice
does not involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
No answer is correct.
is not dependent on chlorophyll.
produces glucose and oxygen.
produces water and carbon dioxide.
produces glucose and oxygen
76
Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are
Multiple Choice
chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
carotenoids and DNA.
chlorophyll b and DNA.
chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
77
The theoretical net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ________ ATP molecules.
Multiple Choice
2
15
4
42
36
36
78
Examples of potential energy include
Multiple Choice
light and the motion of a muscle.
light and chemical bonds.
soil heated by sunlight.
quartz crystals vibrating in a wristwatch.
chemical bonds and concentration gradients.
chemical bonds and concentration gradients.
79
Reactants in a chemical reaction are the molecules that are assembled together or broken down to form products. The reactants in photosynthesis are
Multiple Choice
glucose and water.
water and carbon dioxide.
glucose and oxygen.
oxygen and glucose.
chlorophyll and oxygen.
water and carbon dioxide.
80
The main product of photosynthesis used by plants for food is
Multiple Choice
chlorophyll.
oxygen.
sunlight.
carbohydrate.
carbon dioxide.
carbohydrate.
81
The energy source that powers photosynthesis is
Multiple Choice
glucose.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
sunlight.
water.
sunlight.
82
Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.
True or False
True
83
Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs
Multiple Choice
by denaturation of an enzyme.
when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
by blocking the production of an enzyme.
when two enzymes bind together.
when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
84
In animal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the
Multiple Choice
golgi body.
No answer is correct.
lysosome.
ribosome.
mitochondrion.
mitochondrion.
85
The area on the enzyme where the substrate binds is called
Multiple Choice
an analog.
an active site.
a catalyst site.
a reaction site.
a binding pocket.
an active site.
86
The product of photosystem I is
Multiple Choice
water.
ATP.
glucose.
NADH.
NADPH.
NADPH.
87
In most cases, the chemical structure of enzymes represents a(an)
Multiple Choice
carbohydrate.
lipid.
ion.
protein.
inorganic molecule.
protein.
88
In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain occurs in the
Multiple Choice
cytoplasm.
ribosome.
lysosome.
mitochondrion.
nucleus.
mitochondrion.
89
Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes occurs
Multiple Choice
when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
when two enzymes bind together.
by denaturation of an enzyme.
by blocking the production of an enzyme.
when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
90
Enzymes speed chemical reactions by
Multiple Choice
maintaining temperature.
lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
supplying energy to the reaction process.
raising the temperature of the surroundings.
lowering the amount of reactants that are needed.
lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
91
The main product of the carbon reactions is
Multiple Choice
ATP.
NADPH.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
a carbohydrate.
a carbohydrate.
92
In algae and plants, photosynthesis takes place in the
Multiple Choice
lysosome.
nucleus.
ribosome.
chloroplast.
mitochondrion.
chloroplast.
93
The reactants of photosynthesis are
Multiple Choice
glucose and water.
glucose and carbon dioxide.
organic compounds.
water and carbon dioxide.
glucose and sunlight.
water and carbon dioxide.
94
The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is
an amino acid
95
The four major groups of organic compounds are
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
96
The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acids is
a nucleotide
97
Organisms that extract energy from nonliving environmental resources are called
producers
98
Example of homeostasis
an organism maintaining nearly constant internal conditions
99
Water is the best described as
a polar molecule
100
If asked to build a model of an amino acid, you would need parts to represent
nitrogen, carbon, and an R group
101
For bonds between amino acids, you would add a label describing that it is
a covalent bond in proteins
102
Proteins are compounds because they are polymers
True
103
Most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells that contains most of its DNA, is the
nucleus
104
A hydrogen bond
doesn't require electron transfer
105
The polymers with the most complex and diverse 3D structures are
proteins
106
How do cells avoid surface area limitations?
long and thin shape, many microscopic extensions, flattened shape, transportation system that circulates materials inside the cell
107
The four nitrogen bases in RNA are
adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
108
In a covalent bond
atoms share electrons
109
Correct sequence for levels of biological organization within a multicellular organism:
atom - molecule - organelle - cell - tissue
110
