Midterm 2 (ch 7-9) Flashcards
(20 cards)
The chromosomal designation for a human female is
XX
A DNA sequence that signals the start of a gene is
a promotor
A three-phase sequence (loop) in tRNA that is complementary to a three-base sequence in mRNA is
an anticodon
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is
metaphase
If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% adenine, then it will also contain ____ guanine
30%
The “central dogma” of molecular biology described by Watson and Crick describes
the directional flow of genetic information in cells
The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is called
fertilization
The chromosomal designation for a human male is
XY
The genome of an organism is all of its
genetic material
The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split, and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is
anaphase
Meiotic cell division replicates a cell’s DNA ________ and then divides _________
once; twice
Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell’s DNA ____ and then dividing ______
once; once
Diploid means having
two homologous sets of chromosomes
In a “frameshift” mutation,
the mutation is caused by an addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides
What process converts the mRNA “message” into a sequence of amino acids
translation
In a “silent” mutation, the
codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified
If you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromosomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of
anaphase I
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes align next to one another during
prophase I
Apoptosis is also called
programmed cell death
The double helix of DNA is composed of building blocks called
nucleotides
