What was the “Green Revolution”
Used pesticides and insecticides to increase yields also bio engineered plants to be ready quicker population grew
why is topsoil only semi renewable
we use it at too fast of a rate
legumes
enrich soil with nitrogen
why are tradition peanut legumes farming bad
peanuts ruin root system at harvest and dislodge topsoil
Sahel
is the frontline of desertification
effect of peanut farms
increase of sahel/desertification zone
demand based agriculture
crops like tobacco that bring in money
which crops are threatened by disease
bananas and potatoes with blight
resource based agriculture
porduction is limited by available resources
how do agrieco differ from eco
. Farming tries to stop ecological succession.
- Biodiversity is discouraged in favor of monoculture
- Crops are planted in neat rows, not mixed in complex patterns.
- Food chains are greatly simplified.
- Plowing is unlike any natural disturbance.
top three crops
rice maize wheat and are all grasses
subsistence
crop used directly as food
dust bowl
unsuitable farming practice reduced land to dust
aquifer
permerable rock layer that collects water
recharge zone
where water enters aquifer like glaciers rivers reservoirs
ogallala aquifer
tapped to help dust bowl effects in new mexico colorado texas area
what is the difference between chemical and natual fertilzer
chemical is more health for humans but effects yield and natural fertilizer is better for plants but worse for humans
drip method versus ditch and spray
drip cost more for farmers to install but is better for environment while ditch and spray water is lost to evaporation
range lands
areas where we can farm
maximum sustainable yield
The amound of one crop that can be produced per unit of area that can be continued indefinetly
how much of earth can be farmed
11
pros and cons of ranching natural species
can harbor parasites unsufficient numbers not domesticated pro: food
IPM
integrated pest management
principles of IPM
bringing in natural predator
leopold Trouvelot
gypsy moth disaster tried to destroy them but predators found easier prey
what is IPM
introduces predators parasites and diseases to a pest ex burrowing wasp into lettuce caterpillar
Environmental justice
Environmental problems against social classes
why is it hard to prove environmental rascism
because of the tie between low income and minorities and jobs
1st and second factor of environmental justice
minority and socioeconomic status
hazel johnson
lived in polluted area fought for better housing
Bhopal disaster
Chemicals and pesticides killed many poor minorities looking for work
`effects of bhopal
freedom of info act
INCO superstack
sudburry smokestack that caused lung diseases
Wjat is LD curve
lethal dose to kill 50% deals with tolerance level want to be extremely high
ED-50
effective dose want to be extremely low
TL-50
toxicity level when people get sick want it to be higher than ed lower that LD
problems that might kill humans
ozone depletion damages to oceans loss of fresh water overpopulation
what is itai-itai
means ouch ouch jinzu river pollution cadmium pollution brittle bones and kidney failure land pollution and mining
minamata disease
neurological syndrome mercury poison in water pvc creation
why was source not found
company trade secret
issues from maquilladoras
a toxic waste incinerator involved no training and respiratory problems
what is cancer alley
in louisiana petrochemical corner where a lot of oil refineries are
cancer alley and hurrican katrina
cancer became more of a problem as hurricane washed materials around
traditional hogfarming vs corporate
tradtional has a few dozen and corporate a thousand
operation silver shovel
politicians agreeing to dumb waste in low income areas
how long did cleanup take
from 1992 to 2005 in west side areas of chicago
what is NIMBY
not in my back yar those with power force pollution on those that dont
goals of resource management
to reserve depletable resources
pollutiob science versus social science
tries to preserve versus tries to conserve
what did medevil do right
controlled populations and resources
first nations
were just as bad as humans are today at overhunting and resource obsession
easter island
people got to island deplenished all resources and couldnt even get off the island
theodore roosevelt
Expanded protected national parks and wilderness conservations
George Catlin
? Created national parks
Henry David Thoreau
Advocated simpler woodsy lifestyle
Benjamin Harrison
established yellowstone
Woodrow wilson
National park service protected national parks
atomic mass unit
mass of one electron and one proton
What are the two principle kinds of proteins in the body
structural proteins and enzymes
substrate and active site
Substrates are reactants to a active site A area that is ready to receive a substrate
inhibition
? Inhibition slows a process down
inhibitor drugs
Pencillin and AIDS
deadly inhibitors
mercury poison in snakes
denaturation
loss of chemical function
allosteric
Is when something attaches to an enzyme and bends it other than active sites and substrates can no longer fit
competitive
another compound can bind to active site this binding can either slow or stop a reaction
allosteric inhibitors
poison mercury and other heavy metals
competitive inhibitors
poisons are carbon monoxide and herbicides and pesticides
what are the origins of toxicology
Agrippina the younger poisoner of the emperor Claudius and Augustus and Catherine de’Medici who poisoned homeless to study the effects
morbidity
illness
mortality
death rate
median effective dose
is the desired effect in 50% the ED-50
therapeutic index
ratio of ld-50 over ED50 how lethal versus how therapeutic
physical pollutants
light heat
biological pollution
invasive species
genetic pollution
like in mexico with the corn grass
point source
being able to pinpoint pollution source
non point source
not being able to pinpoint source
chemical pollution
heavy metal exhaust
matter
anything that occupies space
what is chemistryq
study of matter
three stats of matter
solid liquid gas
isolated atom
has the same number of electrons as protons
ion
charged element
what part interacts with the world
electron
atomic mass
number of neutrons and protons
atomic number
number of protons
what is an isotope
isotope have more neutrons that protons
What do neutrons do in the nucleus
Stabilize the element nuclear reactions happen upon instability
ionic bond
bonds ionic bonds transfer an electron and is a weak bond
covalent bond
? Covalent bonds are firm strong bonds
when was the conept of atom produced
in greece
Who was Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
He developed the periodic table and inadvertently discovered atomic number
What is Rutherford’s “nuclear” model
? It was the discovery of protons and positive charges