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Bio 346 - Freshwater Eco. > Bio 346 - Freshwater Eco. (Chpt 16) --> Climate Change and Future of Freshwater > Flashcards

Bio 346 - Freshwater Eco. (Chpt 16) --> Climate Change and Future of Freshwater Flashcards

1
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Natural process that warms the earths surface. When the suns energy reaches the earths atmosphere some of reflects back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by GHG’s

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2
Q

What does the greenhouse (GHG) effect allow?

A

Allows some places to be cooler while other places are warmer with the orbit, energy put out by the sun and the tilt

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3
Q

How can we tell the climate is changing? (4 things)

A
  1. Fossils
  2. Rock chemistry
  3. Composition of gas bubbles in ancient polar ice
  4. Balance of O2 isotopes
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4
Q

What is the average increase of world temp?

A

0.76C

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5
Q

What is the average global temp caused by?

A

GHG

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6
Q

What are 6 examples of GHG?

A
  1. CO2
  2. Methane
  3. Water vapour
  4. Nitrous oxide (N2O)
  5. CFC
  6. Ozone
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7
Q

What are GHGs caused by? (4 things)

A
  1. Increase in burning carbon stores
  2. Fossil fuels
  3. Forest clearance
  4. Oxidation of wetland soils
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8
Q

What do GHGs change? (4 things)

A
  1. Temp
  2. Wind activity
  3. Precipitation
  4. Moisture
    - Caused floods and droughts in certain places
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9
Q

Whats 1 consequence of GHGs?

A

Melting ice caps that raise the sea level

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10
Q

What happens to snow cover as, temp and sea levels increase?

A

It decreases

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11
Q

What happens to stratification and drought if runoff, streamflow, floods and temp all increase?

A

They decrease

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12
Q

What do the changes in atmosphere create?

A

More extreme weather patterns

Eg) Hurricanes, storms and drought

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13
Q

What does the letting of permafrost mean?

A

Longer growth season for wetland plants

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14
Q

What has warming extended?

A

Stratification (making it more stable)

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15
Q

Abrupt permanent

A 
Remains constant (permanent)
- See notes for graph
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16
Q

Gradual permanent

A

Has a gradual decrease

- See notes for graph

17
Q

Abrupt temporary

A
  • Not stable
  • Changes in short term periods
  • See notes for graph
18
Q

What are 4 approaches to predict future effects on freshwater?

A
  1. Direct experimentation
  2. Space-for-time studies
    - Used in bigger systems
  3. Paleo-ecological reconstruction
  4. Dynamic modelling
19
Q

What are 3 benefits for the predicting future effects?

A
  1. Easy to do
  2. Inexpensive
  3. High replication using microbial communities
20
Q

What happens to the male taking care of their young as temp increases?

A

Spends less time taking care of their young

- As a result the survivorship decreases

21
Q

What is a problem with predictions of the future?

A

It might not happen fast enough and won’t see a major effect in the strutting of the ecosystem

22
Q

Why are temperate latitudes changing drastically?

A

Glaciation

23
Q

Positive feedback

A

The amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it

24
Q

Increase in CO2 [ ] in the air lead to what?

A

Increase in dissociation in the ocean

- Decrease in pH and less CO2 can be absorbed

25
Q

What does GDP stand for?

A

Gross domestic product

26
Q

GDP

A

Is the sum of consumer expenditure, social and welfare costs and the costs of repair on enviro damage
- More the needs to be done the greater the GDP

27
Q

What is a major regulator of the earths carbon balance?

A

Ecosystems

28
Q

Loss of ecosystems =

A

Decrease in carbon stores

29
Q

Increase in ecosystems =

A

Risk of global warming

30
Q

What does GPI stand for?

A

Genuine progress index

31
Q

How is the ecological footprint measured?

A

As the equivalent area of land needed to support the food, material and energy consumption per person in a given country

32
Q

Why is waste production easier to get rid of?

A

Waste has a commercial value as a raw material and recycling schemes have been readily adopted

Bio 346 - Freshwater Eco. (14 decks)

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