Bio

Question 1

What is the main event of S phase?

Answer 1

DNA is replicated in preparation for a cell division

Question 2

What does the Law of Segregation say?

Answer 2

The alleles for a trait will separate during formation of gametes and each gamete will only have one allele

Question 3

Describe achondroplasia

Answer 3

An autosomal dominant disorder that causes dwarfism

Question 4

What does autosomal refer too?

Answer 4

A non sex chromosome

Question 5

Describe the heterozygous of a codominant trait

Answer 5

Will equally express both forms of the allele

Question 6

Define epistasis

Answer 6

Refers to genes that mask the expression of other genes

Question 7

Define pleiotropy

Answer 7

Used to describe a single gene that affects several phenotypes

Question 8

Define polygenic

Answer 8

Means that a trait is a combination of many genes

Question 9

Describe cystic fibrosis and its effects

Answer 9

An autosomal recessive trait characterized by excess mucus production that blocks lung passages

Question 10

Describe brachydactyly

Answer 10

An autosomal dominant disorder that causes shortened fingers and toes

Question 11

Describe albinism and its effects

Answer 11

An autosomal recessive trait that is characterized by the absence of the pigment melanin

Question 12

Describe the heterozygous phenotype for incomplete dominance

Answer 12

Would be a blend between two expressions

Question 13

When is a dihybrid cross used?

Answer 13

When two different traits are being crossed

Question 14

Describe the term autosomal dominant

Answer 14

A person will have a condition as long as they have at least one dominant allele

Question 15

What is the function of the stomata

Answer 15

Allows oxygen that is produced by photosynthesis to escape and that they allow carbon dioxide to be obtained

Question 16

Which of the following is the function of rascular tissues in plants?

Answer 16

To transport chemicals and water throughout the plant

Question 17

Which of the following are produced by the light reactions?

Answer 17

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

Question 18

What is the purpose of transcription?

Answer 18

Allows for the potions of DNA to be copied and transported from the cell to make proteins that help the cell function

Question 19

What are the fragments making up the noncontinuous strand called?

Answer 19

Okazaki fragments

Question 20

Which of the following make up the three steps of cellular respiration

Answer 20

Glycolysis, the kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

Question 21

What did Rosalind Franklins research demonstrate?

Answer 21

DNA had a double-helical structure and sugar-phosphate backbone was on the outside while the bases were on the inside

Question 22

What are the three molecules that make up a nucleotide

Answer 22

Phosphate, nitrogenous base, pentose sugar

Question 23

What prevents each base from pairing with every other base?

Answer 23

Some bases make three bonds while other bases only capable of making two

Question 24

Which of the following would bind together to form a single strand of DNA

Answer 24

Nucleotides

Question 25

In which of the following dies glycolysis take place?

Answer 25

The cytoplasm

Question 26

Where do the kerbs cycle and the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 26

The mitochondria

Question 27

Photosynthesis occurs in which organelles?

Answer 27

Chloroplasts

Question 28

Which of the following are uses of proteins?

Answer 28

Carrying messages from the nucleus through the cell, regulating what passes through the membrane and strengthening connection tissue in skin, bones, etc.

Question 29

How are fats stored in the body?

Answer 29

As triglycerides

Question 30

When are lipids (fat molecules) broken down into smaller molecules by your body?

Answer 30

During digestion and after you have used all your quick energy

Question 31

In what form are sugars normally stored?

Answer 31

Polysaccharides

Question 32

What do carbohydrates have to be broken down into glucose by the body?

Answer 32

Mitochondria needs glucose to produce energy for the body

Question 33

Sucrose is made of what two monosaccharides?

Answer 33

Glucose and fructose

Question 34

How many monosaccharides are in a disaccharide?

Answer 34

Two

Question 35

How do monosaccharides combine to form polysaccharides?

Answer 35

By removing water from the monosaccharide molecule

Question 36

What happens during hydrolysis?

Answer 36

Bonds are broken by adding water

Question 37

What happens during dehydration synthesis?

Answer 37

Bonds are created by removing water

Question 38

Temporal speciation

Answer 38

Two species breed at different times, so they don't breed with each other

Question 39

Point mutation

Answer 39

One base in the mutated chromosome is different from the original chromosome

Question 40

Inversion mutation

Answer 40

One part of the mutated chromosome is out of order

Question 41

Which of the following must be true for a mutation to change the gene pool of a particular species?

Answer 41

The mutation must have a physical effect

Question 42

Humans have a small coccyx (tailbone) even though they don't use it or need it. What kind of structure is it?

Answer 42

Vestigial

Question 43

When does the Law of Independence assortment not work?

Answer 43

When two genes in question are located close together on the same chromosome

Question 44

How can you tell when genes are linked?

Answer 44

When the offspring show more parental types for two different traits than there are recombinants

Question 45

When can nondisjunction occur?

Answer 45

During the first or second meiotic division

Question 46

Define nondisjunction

Answer 46

The unequal division of chromosomes during meiosis

Question 47

What does it mean for a disorder to be sex-linked?

Answer 47

Genes coding for that trait are found on the X chromosome

Question 48

Why are more males then females affected by sex-linked recessive diseases?

Answer 48

Men have one X chromosome so if they get only one recessive allele they will be afflicted with that disease

Question 49

What does it mean for a trait to be sex-influenced?

Answer 49

Will express themselves differently depending on the sex of the individual

Question 50

What does it mean for a trait to be sex-limited?

Answer 50

Only occurs in traits unique to one sex or the other

Question 51

Your kidneys work hard to clean your blood and need a lot of energy to work well. Kidney cells have an abundance of which of the following organelles?

Answer 51

Mitochondria

Question 52

Cells that get their energy from external sources are called..

Answer 52

Heterotrophic

Question 53

Why does the cell membrane have carbohydrates on its surface?

Answer 53

Carbohydrates help the body identify its own cells

Question 54

What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 54

To convert glucose and oxygen into usable energy (ATP)

Question 55

Define codon and anticodon

Answer 55

Codon: the sequence of three bases on a strand of mRNA that codes for an amino acids Anticodon: the bottom of a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on mRNA