bio 4

Question 1

light microscope

Answer 1

optical instrument with lenses that bend visible light to magnify images

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

theory that all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

Question 3

electron microscope

Answer 3

microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam through onto the surface of a speciman

Question 4

scanning electron microscope

Answer 4

microscope uses electron beam to study surface details of a cell

Question 5

transmission electron microscope

Answer 5

uses electron beam to study internal structure of specimans

Question 6

prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

type of cell lacking a membrane

Question 7

eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles

Question 8

cytosol

Answer 8

semifluid portion of cytoplasm

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

gene carrying structure found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Question 10

ribosomes

Answer 10

cell structure consisting of RNA and protein organized in 2 subunits

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

contents of a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 12

nucleoid

Answer 12

a non membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where dna is concentrated

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Question 14

cellular metabolism

Answer 14

all chemical activities of a cell

Question 15

chromatin

Answer 15

the complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 16

nuclear envelope

Answer 16

double membrane that encloses the nucleus

Question 17

nucleolus

Answer 17

structure within nucleus where ribosomal rna is made and assembled

Question 18

endomembrane system

Answer 18

network of membranes and surrounding a eukaryotic cell

Question 19

vesicles

Answer 19

a sac made of membrane in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Question 20

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell

Question 21

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

portion of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosome

Question 22

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

portion of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Question 23

glycoprotein

Answer 23

protein with one or more short chains of sugar attached to it

Question 24

transport vesicles

Answer 24

small membranous sac in eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell

Question 25

golgi apparatus

Answer 25

organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify

Question 26

lysosome

Answer 26

digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells

Question 27

vacuoles

Answer 27

membrane enclosed sac that is part of the endo-membrane system of a eukaryotic cell

Question 28

central vacuole

Answer 28

in a plant cell a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth

Question 29

peroxisomes

Answer 29

organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen

Question 30

mitochondria

Answer 30

where celluar respiration occurs

Question 31

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 31

compartment of mitochondrian enclosed by inner membrane

Question 32

chloroplast

Answer 32

organelle found in plants and algae that absorbs sunlight

Question 33

stroma

Answer 33

dense fluid within the chloroplast that surround the thylakoid membrane

Question 34

thylakoid

Answer 34

flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast

Question 35

granum

Answer 35

stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in a chloroplast

Question 36

endosymbiont theory

Answer 36

theory that mitochondria and choroplast originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells

Question 37

cytoskeleton

Answer 37

network of protein fibers

Question 38

motor proteins

Answer 38

protein that interacts with the cytoskeleton and other cell components

Question 39

microtubules

Answer 39

the thickest of 3 main kinds of fiber

Question 40

centrosome

Answer 40

structure found in animals cells from which microtubules originate

Question 41

intermediate filaments

Answer 41

intermediate sized protein fiber that is one of 3 main kinds of fiber making up the cytoskeleton

Question 42

microfilaments

Answer 42

the thinnest of 3 main kinds of protein

Question 43

cilliate

Answer 43

type of protist that moves and feeds by means of cilia

Question 44

extracellular matrix

Answer 44

meshwork surrounding animal cells

Question 45

cell wall

Answer 45

protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi