Bio Ch 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is an Atom?
The smallest unit of matter
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms are bonded together.
What is a macromolecule?
large molecules that have repeating subunits
What is an Organelle?
The small part of cell that has specific function
What is a Cell?
The smallest and most basic unit of life
What is an element?
A substance that can’t be broken down into another substance.
What 4 elements make up most living organisms?
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen.
What are 3 types of subatomic particles?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
What does the atomic number on the periodic table mean?
Number of Protons
How do you calculate the atomic mass?
The sum of protons and neutrons
What is the mass of a proton or neutron?
1 amu
What does it mean if an atom is electrically neutral?
Atoms have same number of electrons and protons.
What is an Ion?
An atom that has gained or lost an electron
What is a Cation?
More protons than electrons/Net Positive Charge
What is an Anion?
Fewer protons than electrons/ Net Negative Charge.
What is a Valence Electron?
The number of electrons on the outermost electron shell
What is a valence shell?
The outermost layer of electron shell
What makes an element reactive or stable?
The chemical property of atoms determined by the number of valence electrons.
What is the Octet Rule?
Atoms want to have full valence shells to be stable.
What is electronegativity?
An atoms pull on electrons.
Ionic electronegativity is what number?
Greater than 1.7 electrons are transferred.
What number is covalent electronegativity?
Less than 1.7 electrons are shared.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A covalent bond that shares electrons equally.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A covalent bond that shares electrons unequally.
