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BIOLOGY 101 > BIO CHAPTER 12-Coordination and Response > Flashcards

BIO CHAPTER 12-Coordination and Response Flashcards

FORM 4 (70 cards)

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1
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Ability to detect changes in environment and respond

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2
Q

What is meant by stimuli?

A

Changes that stimulates responds

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3
Q

What are types of stimuli?

A

Internal and external

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4
Q

What is receptors?

A

Sensory cells

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5
Q

What is meant by coordination?

A

stimuli detection process by receptors that ends with apppropriate response by effectors

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6
Q

What is response?

A

The way organism react after detect stimuli

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7
Q

What are the types of receptors?

A 
Photoreceptor
Baroreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Nocireceptor
Mechanoreceptor
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8
Q

Photoreceptor

A

Light

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9
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Change in pressure

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10
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

Change in temperature

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11
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Touch and pressure

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12
Q

Nocireceptor

A

Pain

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13
Q

Why is coordination response important for living organism?

A

To adapt changes in environment

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14
Q

Why is coordination response important for animal?

A

A sudden change of climate motivates animal to look for shelter

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15
Q

What is nervous system made up of?

A

Neurons

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16
Q

What is main component for central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

What is main components for peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerve,spinal nerve,sensory receptor

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18
Q

What are the main components of brain?

A 
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Pituitary gland
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19
Q

What is the largest and most complex structure of brain?

A

Cerebrum

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20
Q

Why is surface of cerebrum is folded?

A

To increase surface area to hold more nerves

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21
Q

What is the function of cerebrum?

A
  • Control emotions,hearing and sights

- Higher mental abilities for learning, mathematical and linguistic skills

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22
Q

What is function of cerebellum?

A

Maintains body coordinates of muscle contraction for body movement

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23
Q

What is function of hypothalamus?

A

Coodinate homeostasis

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24
Q

Where is pituitary gland located at?

A

Base of hypothalamus

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25
What does pituitary gland do?
Secretes hormones
26
What is the function of medulla oblongata?
Controls involuntary activities
27
Where does medulla oblongata located at?
Anterior of cerebellum
28
What are the mains for spinal cord
Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Ventral root Spinal nerve (SN-MN)
29
DORSAL ROOT GANGLION
sensory neuron's cell body located here
30
DORSAL ROOT
- send nerve impulses from sensory receptor to spinal cord | - contain axon of sensory neurone
31
VENTRAL ROOT
- contain motor neurone | - send nerve impulses from motor neurone to effector
32
What is function of peripheral nervous system?
connects sensory receptor and effector to CNS
33
What contain in peripheral?
Somatic and Autonomic
34
SOMATIC
control voluntary actions
35
AUTONOMIC
control involuntary actions
36
What are main components of neurons
- axon - myelin sheath - cell body - node of Ranvier - synaptic knob - dendrites
37
DENDRITE
S-short branches of cell body | F-receive nerve impulses from other neuron and send it to cell body
38
AXON
S-elongated branch of cell body | F-carry impulses outta cell and send it to effector
39
MYELIN SHEATH
S-insulating membrane that coats axon F-protects neurons from injury -insulator for electrical impulses -provide nutrients for axon
40
NODE OF RANVIER
S-gap at axon that is not covered with myelin sheath | F- accelerate flow of nerve impulses by allow them to jump from one node to another
41
SYNAPTIC KNOB
S-swelling at end of branch | F-sends signals to muscles/glands
42
What are the types of neurones
``` Sensory Neurone (Afferent) Relay Neurone (interneurone) Motor Neurone (efferent) ```
43
MOTOR NEURONE
- found at ventral root | - receive nerve impulses from relay neurone to effector in order to produce response
44
RELAY NEURONE
- nerve fibres at CNS - cell body at grey matter - connects SN to MN - send nerve impulses from SN to MN via CNS
45
SENSORY NEURONE
- found at dorsal root - cell body at DRG (white matter) - dendrites receive nerve impulses from receptor and send it to cell body to axon of next neurone
46
SYNAPSES
S: narrow gap that separates synaptic knob from neurone dendrites F: controls type of impulses that pass thru -allow nerve impulses to pass thru at one direction
47
What are chemical substance for transmission of impulse across synapes?
Neurotransmitters
48
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- kept at synapse vesicles | - found at end of synpatic knob
49
What are the examples of neurotransmitters?
acethylcholine serotonin dopamine
50
FLOW OF TRANSMISSION
1-electrical impulses reach synaptic knob-synaptic vesicles stimulated to release neurotransmitters 2-Neurotransmiiter diffuse thru synapse-combine with specific receptor protein 3-The binding stimulates initiation of next impulse-impulse can be transmitted to next neurone
51
SIMILARITIES OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS
BOTH - have stimulation - impulse - neurone - effector organ
52
DIFFERENCES OF V AND IV ACTIONS
``` V -occur with conscious -somatic NS -controlled by cerebral cortex -skeletal muscle IV -automatically -autonomic NS -controlled by medulla oblongata +hypothalamus -smooth muscle ```
53
What are the types of involuntary actions?
Three neurone reflex arc and Two neurone reflec arc
54
THREE NEURONE REFLEX ARC
- immediate response | - SN,MN,RN
55
TWO NEURONE REFLEX ARC
- knee jerk/patellar reflex | - SN-MN
56
Explain in brief on how doctor tests the effectiveness of someone's nerves
1. Tendon below kneecap is knocked by rubber hammer-Quadriceps muscle is stretched-Strech receptor stimulated to trigger nerve impulse 2. Nerve impulses transmit from SN to MN 3. Nerve impulses is transmitted from MN To quadriceps muscle-Quadriceps muscle contracts - Leg jerk to front
57
WHAT ARE TYPES OF DRUGS?
``` stimulant sedative (depressants) narcotic alcohol hallucinogenic ```
58
STIMULANT
- increase activity of CNS | - euphoria if excessive use
59
SEDATIVE
- delay transfer of nerve impulses | - calms mind
60
NARCOCIC
-delay normal functions of brain
61
ALCOHOL
- disrupts coordination and thinking | - delay transfer of nerve impulses
62
HALLUCINOGENIC
- user will hallucinate | - relief from pain and anxiety
63
Why is doctor give small amount of marijuana to patient cancer after undergo chemotheraphy treatment?
To reduce nausea cancer after the treatment | *nausea is sensation of urge to vomit
64
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
- abnormality of immune system | - attack myelin sheath (brain and spinal cord)
65
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
- loss ability to take care of oneself - if deterioration of brain continue,person cant read or talk - symptoms: forgetful-disorientation in familiar place
66
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
- shrinkage of nervous system - cause tremor in limb,jaw,foot face - difficult to maintain balance and body posture
67
LOU GEHRIG/ ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
- deterioration of MN | - cant control muscle movement such chewing
68
AUTISM
- development in brain problem\ | - problem in communicating
69
BRAIN PARALYSIS
- brain damage before or after birth - usually occur at 3/5 years old - MN cant function - failure in muscles
70
EPILEPSY
- abnormal activities in certain part of brain | - muscle spasms

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