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Bio Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH.

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2
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance.

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3
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

A monomer of a protein.

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4
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negative ion formed by gaining electrons.

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5
Q

What is atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom.

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6
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH.

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7
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

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8
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

A biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.

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9
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positive ion formed by losing electrons.

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10
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support.

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11
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

An interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of a compound.

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12
Q

What is chitin?

A

A type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans.

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13
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water.

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14
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between elements.

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15
Q

What is denaturation?

A

The loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals.

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16
Q

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A

A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

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17
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two sugar monomers that are linked together by a glycosidic bond.

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18
Q

What is an electron?

A

A negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; has a charge of -1.

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19
Q

What is electron transfer?

A

The movement of electrons from one element to another.

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20
Q

What is an element?

A

One of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties.

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21
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein.

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22
Q

What is evaporation?

A

The release of water molecules from liquid water to form water vapor.

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23
Q

What is fat?

A

A lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid state at room temperature.

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24
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

A lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol.

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25
What is glycogen?
A storage carbohydrate in animals.
26
What is a hormone?
A chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland or cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes.
27
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged molecules.
28
What does hydrophilic mean?
Describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving.
29
What does hydrophobic mean?
Describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing.
30
What is an ion?
An atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a charge.
31
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges.
32
What is an isotope?
One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons.
33
What are lipids?
A class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water.
34
What is Altmus paper?
Filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator.
35
What is a macromolecule?
A large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers.
36
What is mass number?
The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom.
37
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
38
What is a monosaccharide?
A single unit or monomer of carbohydrates.
39
What is a neutron?
A particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass.
40
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared, with no regions having partial charges as in polar covalent bonds.
41
What is a nucleic acid?
A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell.
42
What is a nucleotide?
A monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
43
What is a nucleotide?
A monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
44
What is a nucleus in chemistry?
The dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons.
45
What does the octet rule state?
The outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can hold eight electrons.
46
What is oil?
An unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature.
47
What is the periodic table of elements?
An organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each, and provides key information about the properties of elements.
48
What is the pH scale?
A scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions.
49
What is a phospholipid?
A major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
50
What is the glycerol backbone?
The structural foundation of triglycerides and phospholipids.
51
What is a polar covalent bond?
A type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charge regions of a molecule.
52
What is a polypeptide?
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
53
What is a polysaccharide?
A long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched.
54
What is a protein?
A biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
55
What is a proton?
A positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1.
56
What is a radioactive isotope?
An isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element.
57
What is ribonucleic acid (RNA)?
A single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis.
58
What is a saturated fatty acid?
A long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms to the carbon skeleton is maximized.
59
What is a solvent?
A substance capable of dissolving another substance.
60
What is a solvent?
A substance capable of dissolving another substance.
61
What is starch?
A storage carbohydrate in plants.
62
What is a steroid?
A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings.
63
What is surface tension?
The cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating.
64
What is temperature?
A measure of molecular motion.
65
What is a trans-fat?
A form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond.
66
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.
67
What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
An unsaturated fatty acid is a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more double bonds in the hydrocar.
68
What is a van der Waals interaction?
A van der Waals interaction is a weak attraction or interaction between molecules caused by slightly positively charged atoms.

Biology (3 decks)

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