Bio Chapter 3

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

The method of transporting material that requires energy

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

A rigid cell covering made of cellulose in plants , peptidoglycan in bacteria , non-compounds in Archaea and chitin that protects the cell provides structural support and give shape to the cell.

Question 3

Central Vacuole

Answer 3

A large plant so organelle that acts a storage compartment, water reservoir and sight of a macromolecule degradation:

Question 4

Chloroplast

Answer 4

A plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Protein DNA complex that serves the chromosome building material

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

Structure within the nucleus that compromise chromatin that contains the DNA the hereditary material

Question 7

Cilium

Answer 7

A short hair like structure that extends from the plasma membrane in large numbers, and is used to move an entire cell or move substances along the outer surface of the cell.

Question 8

Concentration gradient

Answer 8

An area of high concentration across from low concentration

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

The entire region between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope consisting of organelles suspended in the gel like cytosol, the cytoskeleton and various chemicals

Question 10

Cytosol

Answer 10

The gel like material of the cytoplasm in which cells structures are suspended

Question 11

Desmosomes

Answer 11

A linkage between adjacent epithelial cells that forms when cadheirins in the plasma membrane attached to intermediate filaments.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

A passive process of transport of low molecular weight materials down its concentration gradient

Question 13

Electrochemical gradient

Answer 13

A gradient produced by the combined forces of the electrical gradient and the chemical gradient

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

A type of active transport that moves substances including fluids and particles into a cell

Question 15

Endoplastic reticulum (ER)

Answer 15

A series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize liquids

Question 16

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

A cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and several other membrane bound compartments or sacs

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

A process of passing material out of a cell

Question 18

Extracellular matrix

Answer 18

The material, primarily collagen,glycoprotein and proteoglycans secreted from animal cells that holds cells together as a tissue, allows cells to communicate with each other and provides mechanical protection and anchoring for cells in the tissue

Question 19

Facilitated transport

Answer 19

A process by which material moves down a concentration gradient from (high) to (low) concentration using integral membrane proteins

Question 20

Flagellum

Answer 20

Long hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell

Question 21

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 21

A model of the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, protein and glycolipids resulting in fluid rather than static characters

Question 22

Gap junction

Answer 22

A channel between two adjacent animal cells that allows ions, nutrients and other low-molecular weight substances to pass between the cells enabling them to communicate

Question 23

Golgi apparatus

Answer 23

A eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts tags and packages lipids and proteins for distribution.

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

Describes a solution that extra cellular has higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Describes a solution in which extra cellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell

Question 26

Isotonic

Answer 26

Describes a solution in which the extra cellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

An organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides lipids nucleic acids and even wore-out organelles

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

The cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration resulting in the production of ATP, the cells main energy carrying module.

Question 29

Nuclear envelope

Answer 29

The double membrane structure that constitute the outermost position of the nucleus.

Question 30

Nucleolus

Answer 30

The dark staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

The cell organelle the house is the cells, DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes in proteins

Question 32

Organelle

Answer 32

A membrane bound compartment or sack within a cell

Question 33

Osmolarity

Answer 33

The total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution

Question 34

Osmosis

Answer 34

The transport of water through a semi permeable membrane from a area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across the membrane

Question 35

Passive transport

Answer 35

A method of transporting material that doesn’t require energy

Question 37

Peroxisome

Answer 37

A small round organelle that contains hydrogen peroxide, oxidizing fatty acid and amino acid and detoxify many poisons.

Question 38

Phagocytosis

Answer 38

A process that takes particulate matter like macro molecules, cells or cell fragments that cell needs from the extra cellular fluid; a version of endocytosis

Question 39

Pinocytosis

Answer 39

A process that takes cell needs from the extra cellular fluid, a variation of endocytosis

Question 40

Plasma membrane

Answer 40

Phospholipid layer with embedded integral or attach peripheral proteins, that separate internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment

Question 41

Plasmodesma

Answer 41

A channel that passes between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells, connect their cytoplasm and allow materials to be transported from cell to cell.

Question 42

Project

Question 43

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 43

A unicellular organism that lack the nucleus or any other membrane bound organelle

Question 44

Ribosomes

Answer 44

A cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Question 45

(RER) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 45

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification

Question 46

Selectively permeable

Answer 46

The characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others

Question 47

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 47

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids and steroid hormones; detoxifies chemicals like pesticides, preservatives medications and environmental pollutants and stores calcium ions

Question 48

Solute

Answer 48

A substance dissolved in another to form a solution

Question 49

Tight Junction

Answer 49

A firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence

Question 50

Tonicity

Answer 50

The amount of solute in a solution

Question 51

Unified cell theory

Answer 51

The biological concept that states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cell is the basic unit of life and new cells are created from existing cells

Question 52

Vacuole

Answer 52

A membrane bound sac, somewhat larger than a vessel that functions in cellular storage and transport

Question 53

Vesicle

Answer 53

A small membrane bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus