Bio Chapter 4 Review

Question 1

What do all cells have in common?

Answer 1

plasma membrane is selective
contain cytosol
chromosomes
ribosomes that make proteins

Question 2

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Location of DNA?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic - membrane enclosed nucleus
Prokaryotic - non-membrane enclosed nucleoid

Question 3

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Organelles?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic: membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Cell size?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic: Big
Prokaryotic: Small

Question 5

4 types of eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

animal, plant, fungi, protist

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

• store of genetic information
• nucleolus
• contains chromosomes

Question 7

Nuclear envelope

Answer 7

double membrane to enclose nucleus

Question 8

Nuclear lamina:

Answer 8

Protein filaments
maintain shape of nucleus

Question 9

Nuclear pores

Answer 9

entry and exit of proteins, RNA

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

where ribosmal RNA is made

Question 11

DNA:

Answer 11

basic unit of genetic instructions

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

sequence of DNA carries genetic instructions

Question 13

Chromosome

Answer 13

long DNA molecule of many genes

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

uncondensed DNA and protein sturcture

Question 15

How do ribosomes make proteins?

Answer 15

Location:
endoplasmic reticulum
scattered in cytosol

Question 16

Describe the endomembrane system

Answer 16

synthesize protein
transport proteins in and out of cell
metabolism and movement of lipids

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

• synthesizes lipids
• calcium ions

Question 18

Rough ER

Answer 18

Synthesizes proteins

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

receives, processes, labels proteins to part of cell
FEDEX

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

digest/hydrolyzed macromolecules

Question 21

Describe the two ways of lysosomal activity

Answer 21

Autophagy - recycling cell’s own materials
Phagocytosis: intracellular digestion

Question 22

Peroxisome

Answer 22

detoxification

Question 23

Vacuoles

Answer 23

storing - water ions, nutrients, waste

Question 24

Energy in cells

Answer 24

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts for plants

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

- all eukaryotic cells involved in cellular respiration and producing ATP

Question 26

Chloroplasts

Answer 26

photosynthesis

Question 27

Structural integrity of plant cells

Answer 27

microfilaments, microtubules, cytoskeleton, ontermedite filaments

Question 28

Intracellular fluid ICF

Answer 28

Fluid inside cells 2/3 of body fluids

Question 29

Extracellular Fluid ECF

Answer 29

Interstital fluid Plasma 1/3 body fluids

Question 30

Does the plasma membrane seperate intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Answer 30

Yes, it regulates movement in and out of the cell