Bio Development Test Review

Question 1

What would result from a skin cell dividing by mitosis?

Answer 1

There would be two identical skin cells

Question 2

What are two situations in which cells would divide (mitosis)?

Answer 2

To repair damaged and dead cells (to help heal a scabbed knee) and to grow

Question 3

What are loose strands of DNA and protein (cell not dividing)?

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

What is the condensed form of DNA for cell division?

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

Where is the DNA located?

Answer 5

In the nucleus

Question 6

What are the bases for DNA?

Answer 6

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 7

What bases pair with each other?

Answer 7

Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine

Question 8

How does DNA hold the instructions for making different proteins?

Answer 8

The order of bases is different for different genes

Question 9

Does DNA replicate before or after mitosis?

Answer 9

Before

Question 10

What is G0?

Answer 10

Fully developed cells that no longer divide can exit the cell cycle during G1, cells can then re -enter the cell cycle when needed

Question 11

What is G1?

Answer 11

A cell grows and prepares itself for DNA replication, essentially getting ready to divide by accumulating necessary materials, without actually replicating its DNA yet

Question 12

What is S?

Answer 12

Once cells have grown, DNA is replicated

Question 13

What is G2?

Answer 13

Cells prepare for cell division and continues to grow

Question 14

What is prophase?

Answer 14

DNA coils into chromosomes, nuclear membrane breaks down.

Question 15

What is metaphase?

Answer 15

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber. Organization of chromosomes during metaphase ensure that each cell will get correct amount of chromosomes.

Question 16

What is anaphase?

Answer 16

Sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite ends of cell

Question 17

What is telophase?

Answer 17

Chromosomes gather at ends of cell and unravel to become chromatin. Nuclear membranes form around the DNA and each daughter cell has identical sets of duplicate chromosomes

Question 18

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm pinche in half and creates a new cell wall between the two cells, cytoplasm divides fully

Question 19

what is cell differentiation?

Answer 19

Genes expressed or repressed determines the type of cells. Signals from the environment or neighboring cells during development trigger cells to differentiate into specific cells.

Question 20

What are regulatory proteins?

Answer 20

Proteins that control which genes are turned on and off in a cell

Question 21

What are stem cells?

Answer 21

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into specialized cells.

Question 22

What are specialized cells?

Answer 22

Cells with specialized functions. They can turn on and off genes based on proteins

Question 23

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 23

Cells that have not specialized and can become any type of cells

Question 24

What are adult stem cells?

Answer 24

They replace different types of worn out or damaged cells, but can turn into many types of cells, not any.

Question 25

What process happens to DNA before cells divid?

Answer 25

DNA replication

Question 25

What process results in more cells?

Answer 25

Mitosis

Question 26

What process results in cells specializing to have different functions?

Answer 26

Cell differentiation

Question 28

What is in a nucleotide?

Answer 28

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base (ATCG)

Question 29

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong when they get broken during DNA replication?

Answer 29

Weak

Question 30

What does the helicase enzyme do to DNA?

Answer 30

Unzips(breaks weak hydrogen bonds between bases)

Question 31

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 31

Adds complimentary bases to the original strands

Question 32

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 32

46