Bio exam 1

Question 1

99 % of body weight consists of what 6 elements?

Answer 1

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous

Question 2

Name the steps of the scientific method

Answer 2

observe and generalize, form a hypothesis, make testable prediciton, experiment and observe, and modify hypothesis if necessary

Question 3

What are the defining features of a human?

Answer 3

bipedalism, opposable thumbs, large brain, and capacity for language

Question 4

Name the the three domains and which includes humans. What are the four kingdoms within that domain?

Answer 4

The three domains are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Domain eukarya has humans. the four kingdoms of eukarya are protista, animalia, fungi, and plantae

Question 5

Name the characteristics of living things

Answer 5

different molecular composition than non-living things, require energy and raw materials, composed of cells, main homeostaisis, respond to external enviorments, and grow and reproduce

Question 6

Difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Answer 6

Hydrophilic is when polar molecules are attracted to water and interact easily with them. Hydrophobic is when nonpolar neutral molecules do not interact with water or dissolve in water

Question 7

DNA is composed of

Answer 7

Deoxyribose+Phosphate group+one of four nitrogenous bases

Question 8

A phospholipid is composed of

Answer 8

Glycerol+two fatty acids and phosphate group

Question 9

A triglyceride is composed of

Answer 9

glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 10

Define simple sugar

Answer 10

Monosaccharide

Question 11

Starch is an example of

Answer 11

Polysaccharide

Question 12

Proteins are composed of

Answer 12

Long chains (polymers) of subunits called amino acids

Question 13

What does the pH scale express

Answer 13

measure of hydrogen ion concentration in solution

Question 14

Neutral pH

Answer 14

7

Question 15

Acidic pH

Answer 15

Less than 7

Question 16

Basic pH

Answer 16

More than 7

Question 17

Atomic #

Answer 17

Number of protons, always the same number for any atom of a particular element

Question 18

Atomic mass

Answer 18

Roughly equal to number of protons plus neutrons

Question 19

Isotope

Answer 19

Atoms of same element that have different number of neurons

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

A molecule that can donate hydrogen ions H+

Question 21

Controlled experiment

Answer 21

The one variable you are studying

Question 22

Ion

Answer 22

electrically charged molecule or atom

Question 23

Covalent bond

Answer 23

When atoms share electrons so that each one has a full outermost shell

Question 24

Enzyme

Answer 24

Proteins that function as biological catalysts (speeds up/helps reaction)

Question 25

Hypothesis

Answer 25

Tentative statement about natural world

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

Contains high energy phosphate groups used to store energy

Question 27

Base

Answer 27

Molecule that can accept Hydrogen ions H+

Question 28

Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 28

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles while prokaryotic has no nucleus and no true organelles. Eukaryotic cells are seen in humans and prokaryotic cells have bacteria

Question 29

Structural features of Nucleus of the cell

Answer 29

double-layered nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, chromosomes/chromatin, nucleolus

Question 30

Functions of plasma membrane

Answer 30

Separates cell from environment and is selectively permeable. Enables transfer of information between environment and cell

Question 31

What is cellular respiration

Answer 31

Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to yield ATP

Question 32

4 stages of cellular respiration

Answer 32

glycolysis, prep stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport system

Question 33

4 primary types of tissues in body

Answer 33

nervous, muscle, connective, epithelial

Question 34

Which two cavities are apart of the anterior cavity

Answer 34

thoracic and abdominal

Question 35

Functions of skin

Answer 35

protection from injury and dehydration, defense against microorganisms, makes Vitamin D, regulates body temp, provides sensation

Question 36

Two parts of skin

Answer 36

Dermis, Epidermis

Question 37

Components of negative feedback system

Answer 37

controlled variable, sensor, control center, effector

Question 38

Ribosome

Answer 38

Site of protein synthesis. Synthesize proteins for immediate use and so that they can be transported

Question 39

Mitochondria

Answer 39

power plant of cell and generates ATP

Question 40

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 40

Refines synthesized products and serves as packing/shipping center

Question 41

Smooth ER

Answer 41

Packing of proteins and lipids for delivery to Golgi Apparatus

Question 42

Rough ER

Answer 42

Manufacturer of proteins, especially the ones that will secreted from the cell

Question 43

Lysosome

Answer 43

Membrane-bound storage shipping container that contains digestive enzymes

Question 44

Components of cytoskeleton

Answer 44

microtubules (thin hollow tubes of proteins) and microfilaments (thin solid fibers of protein)

Question 45

Cilia VS Flagella

Answer 45

Cilia is found on cell lining (is short and multiple). Flagella is single and long, enabling spermatozoa to swim

Question 46

Diffusion

Answer 46

Movement of molecules from region of high concentration to region of low concentration

Question 47

Osmosis

Answer 47

Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane

Question 48

Anabolism VS Catabolism

Answer 48

Anabolism is when larger molecules are assembled from small ones and require ATP. Catabolism is when large molecules are broken down and release energy

Question 49

Endocytosis VS Exocytosis

Answer 49

Endocytosis brings things in the cell, while Exocytosis expel things from the cell

Question 50

Active Transport

Answer 50

Moves substances from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration and requires ATP

Question 51

Mucous Membrane

Answer 51

Lines airways, digestive track and reproductive tract. Lubricates surfaces and captures debris (mucus and cilia)

Question 52

Serous Membrane

Answer 52

Lines and lubricates internal body cavities. Reduces friction between organs

Question 53

Three types of connective tissue in bone

Answer 53

Bone, ligament, cartilage

Question 54

Five functions of bone

Answer 54

support, protect, movement, blood cell formation, mineral storage

Question 55

3 types of cartilage

Answer 55

fibrocartilage, hyaline, elastic cartilage

Question 56

4 types of bone and example of each

Answer 56

long bone (limbs/fingers), short (wrist), flat (cranial, sternum, ribs), and irregular (coxal and vertebrae)

Question 57

Breastbone is called

Answer 57

sternum

Question 58

Collarbone is called

Answer 58

clavicles

Question 59

kneecap is called

Answer 59

patella

Question 60

shoulder blade is called

Answer 60

scapulas

Question 61

thigh bone is called

Answer 61

femur

Question 62

toes is called

Answer 62

phalanges

Question 63

wrist is called

Answer 63

carpal bones

Question 64

jawbone is called

Answer 64

mandible/maxilla

Question 65

periosteum

Answer 65

connective tissue that covers bone

Question 66

Ligament

Answer 66

Connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Question 67

Osteoporosis

Answer 67

Loss of bone mass due to prolonged imbalance of osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Question 68

Axial skeleton

Answer 68

the midline of body (skull, vertebrae column, bony thorax)

Question 69

Tendon

Answer 69

Joins bone to bone

Question 70

Sprain

Answer 70

Stretched or thorn ligament that heals slowly

Question 71

Back of body

Answer 71

posterior

Question 72

front of body

Answer 72

anterior

Question 73

toward the bottom of body

Answer 73

inferior

Question 74

away from the middle

Answer 74

lateral

Question 75

toward the middle

Answer 75

medial

Question 76

toward the top of the head

Answer 76

superior