Bio Exam !

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

double-stranded made of deoxyribonucleotides

Question 2

Liter

Answer 2

l

Question 3

Milliliter

Answer 3

ml 10^-3

Question 4

Microliter

Answer 4

ul 10^-6

Question 5

Concentration units

Answer 5

mM, X, mg/mL %, M, g/l

Question 6

mRNA

Answer 6

Type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized

Question 7

Pre-mRNA

Answer 7

Initial transcript before it becomes mRNA (contains both introns and exons)

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

small RNA molecule that carries amino acids to ribosomes

Question 9

Intron

Answer 9

non-coding sequence
(removed during the process of RNA)

Question 10

Exons

Answer 10

coding sequence

Question 11

rRNA

Answer 11

Single stranded made of ribonucleotides

Question 12

spliceosome

Answer 12

responsible for removing introns into pre-mRNA

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

makes proteins by translating mRNA to amino acids

Question 14

cDNA

Answer 14

lacks introns, basically a copy of mRNA

Question 15

Reverse transcription

Answer 15

mRNA to cDNA

Question 16

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 16

an enzyme that converts RNA into DNA

Question 17

Protein

Answer 17

structure that causes function to occur (amino acid)

Question 18

DNA Polymerase

Answer 18

creates new DNA

Question 19

RNA Polymerase

Answer 19

enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA

Question 20

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 20

amplify DGK gene, allows us to isolate and copy specific sections of DNA

Question 21

Annealing

Answer 21

to bind 55-65

Question 22

Denaturing

Answer 22

to separate 95

Question 23

Extension

Answer 23

makes new DNA strands 72

Question 24

Polymorphism

Answer 24

2 or more of a variant of a specific DNA sequence

Question 25

indel

Answer 25

(insertion/deletion) inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence

Question 26

Sense & Synonymous Mutation

Answer 26

SNP mutation that does not change the amino acid

Question 27

Nonsynonymous mutation

Answer 27

SNP mutation that does change the amino acid

Question 28

Missense Mutation

Answer 28

changes an amino acid to another amino acid

Question 29

Nonsense mutation

Answer 29

changes an amino acid to a stop codon

Question 30

Transposable Element

Answer 30

"Reversable mutations"

Question 31

primers

Answer 31

create new DNA synthesis

Question 32

Plasmid

Answer 32

small, circular, double stranded DNA that has antibiotic resistance.

Question 33

Bacterial Transformation

Answer 33

inserting DNA into bacteria

Question 34

Constitutive promoter

Answer 34

promoter that is one all the time

Question 35

Conditional promoter

Answer 35

promoter requires something to turn it on