Bio Exam 2 Flashcards
(42 cards)
1.) Define Compound
Know some examples of compounds
A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Examples: Water, hydrogen peroxide, salt, glucose, alcohol
2.) Define Reactants and Products
Reactants ( starting Matter)
Products (ending Matter)
Chemical reactions are written with the reactants(starting matter) on the left and the products (ending matter) on the right.
3) Be able to balance a chemical equation
Glucose+OxygenGas—->water+carbon dioxi+energy
C H O + 6O ——> 6H O + 6CO + Energy
6 12 6 2 2 2 2
H=12 H=12
C=6 C=6
O=8 O=8
4.) What is a trace element
An element that is required in minuscule amounts for life
5.) What is the most common element in your body?
Oxygen
6.) What are the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
7.) The Majority of the elements essential to life are found in what part of the periodic table?
top 3’rd
8.) How many protons are in a typical carbon atom? How many neutrons? what is the atomic weight?
6 protons, 6 neutrons, the atomic weight is 12
9.) How many neutrons in a carbon 14 atom?
8
10.) If the number of protons in an atom does not match the number of electrons, the atom is specifically called what?
ion
11.) What part of the atom most determines the chemical reactivity?
number of electrons
12.) Be able to define ionic bonding and covalent bonding
ionic bonding-transfer of electrons
covalent bonding-sharing of electrons
13.) Know the maximum number of electrons that can fit into the innermost, second and third shell of an atom.
2 electrons can fit into the innermost shell of an atom
8 electrons can fit into the second shell of an atom
8 electrons can fit into the third shell of an atom
14) What is the maximum number of single covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms?
8 because carbon has 4 leaving only 4 slots to make 8
15) Why do hydrogen bonds hold together?
individual water molecules
16) When is water the lightest or least dense?
when it freezes
17) Understand pH?
-the concentration of (H+) ions in an aqueous solution determines it’s pH.
-pH is a measure of the acidity of a solution
-The pH scale runs from 0-most acidic to 14-most basic, with 7 as neutral.
-Each number in the pH scale represents a tenfold change in the (H+) ion.
pH Scale
battery acid Lemon Juice Purified Water amonia bleach
\ / | / /
0__1__2__3__4__5__6__7__8__9__10__11__12__13__14
|
Acidic Neutrality Alkaline/Basic
greater H+ concentrations | Lower H+ concentrations
at pH 7, H+ concentration
equals OH- concentration
18) How so buffers minimize change in pH of biological systems?
- By obsorbing H+ when there is an excess
1. By donating H+ ions when there is a shortage
19) Be able to recognize the following functional groups:
amino, hydroxyl, phosphate.
Hydroxyl = OH Amino = NH2 Phosphate = PO3
20) If you remove all the functional groups from an organic molecule, so that it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, what do you call the molecule?
hydrocarbon
21) Know some examples of the four classes of large organic molecules on page 31.
The 4 classes of Large Organic Molecules
- Carbohydrates - cellulose, glucose
- Lipids - coconut oil, cholesterol,
- Proteins - hexokinase, karatin
- Nucleic Acid - DNA, RNA
22) What are monomers of protein?
amino acids
23) Define Metabolism
sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body
24) What two reactions make up Metabolism?
anabolism and catobilism
