Bio Exam III

Question 1

What two domains are collectively called prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Bacteria and Archea

Question 2

What cellular structures are unique to prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 2

nucloid
Pilus
Plasmids
Capsules

Question 3

What cellular structures are unique to plant cells?

Answer 3

Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloraplasts (plastids)

Question 4

What cellular structures are unique to animal cells?

Answer 4

Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cilia, Flagella
Nucleolus

Question 5

Plant cells, fungal cells, and even bacterial cells have a cell wall. What is the primary difference between the similar structures?

Answer 5

They are made of different materials.

Question 6

What is the common structure between both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Ribosomes

Question 7

If you were looking at a cell through a powerful microscope, what would tell you that is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Nuclues

Question 8

Were there any eukaryotic cells on earth 1.5 billion years ago? If so, when did they first appear?

Answer 8

Yes, 2 billion years ago

Question 9

What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 9

regulates transport of substances between the Nuclues and Cytoplasma

Question 10

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

Answer 11

Holding/Storing Water

Question 12

What cellular structure can be found in both plants and animal cells?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What is the role of Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

Identification

Question 14

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

Answer 14

Plasma Membrane

Question 15

What types of cells have a plasma membrane?

Answer 15

Animal Cells
Bacterial Cells
Plant Cells

Question 16

What makes the “head” of a phospholipid hydrophilic?

Answer 16

Phosphate group that carries a negative charge, making the head polar.

Question 17

Where in the cell would you find the cytosol?

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

How many layers of phospholipid make up the plasma membrane?

Answer 18

2 layers- bi layers

Question 19

Define Diffusion

Answer 19

the net passive movement of particles “atoms, ions, or molecules” from a region in which they are higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. It continues until the concentration of substances uniform throughout.

Question 20

Define Osmosis

Answer 20

The movement of water or other solvent through a plasma membrane from a region of low solute to a region of high solute concentration.

Question 21

What does movement down a concentration gradient mean?

Answer 21

A substance is moving from an area of low concentration

Question 22

Which form of transport requires expenditure of energy?

Answer 22

active transport

Question 23

Define Endocytosis

Answer 23

Bulk transport of materials into the cell

Question 24

Define Exocytosis

Answer 24

export of large quantities of materials from the cell

Question 25

what structures/organelles are located in the nucleus?

Answer 25

DNA-Chromosomes

Question 26

What is the role of histone proteins of the chromatin?

Answer 26

Acts as a spoil around which DNA is wrapped

Question 27

What passes through the nuclear pores?

Answer 27

RNA because its single stranded easy to go in and out because of its size.

Question 28

What does the lowercase "r" in rRNA stand for?

Answer 28

r stands ribosmal

Question 29

When would the chromatin be the most tightly coiled?

Answer 29

During Cellular division

Question 30

Where is the complete ribosome assembled?

Answer 30

In the Cytoplasm

Question 31

What is the most prominent membrane-enclosed organelle?

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

How is the nuclear membrane different from the plasma membrane?

Answer 32

Nuclear membrane has two Plasma only has one

Question 33

Know the location for transcription and translation.

Answer 33

transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 34

In which process are ribosomes directly associated?

Answer 34

Translation

Question 35

What information is used to assemble the amino acid sequence of polypeptide?

Answer 35

Base sequence of MRNA

Question 36

Where are the small and simple proteins assembled?

Answer 36

In the cytoplasm and structures called ribosomes

Question 37

Where are the large and complex proteins assembled?

Answer 37

Rough ER

Question 38

In what organelle do final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur?

Answer 38

Golgi Apparatus

Question 39

Besides the Nuclues, what organelles contain DNA

Answer 39

Mitochondria and Chloraplasts

Question 40

What Organelle Harvests Energy from Sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

Answer 40

Chloraplasts

Question 41

What organelle harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Know the chemical reaction that represents cellular respiration

Answer 42

Sugar + 02 --------> CO2 +H2O +ATP

Question 43

Define ATP

Answer 43

Universal energy carrying molecule.* ATP- Active Adenosine Tri Phosphate. * ADD- Inactive

Question 44

What is the role of the contractile vacuole in a protist?

Answer 44

excess water removal

Question 45

What are defined as numerous, short extensions of the cell that function for movement, either through the cell through its environment or the environment past a stationary cell?

Answer 45

Cilia

Question 46

Know some primary functions of the sytoskeleton

Answer 46

1. Acts as a interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell. 2. Provides a series of tracts along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.

Question 47

Into what are substances often packaged for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell?

Answer 47

Vesicles

Question 48

Define Centriole

Answer 48

Organized newly forming microtubules in the cilium, flagellum and in a spindle