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Bio exam Study Flashcards

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1
Q

One living thing is called a/an

A

organism

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2
Q

If a scientist in Belize was studying how a group of herbivores interacted with a group of omnivores and all of their abiotic surroundings, what level of ecology would they be studying?

A

Ecosystem

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3
Q

All living things in one area is called a

A

Community

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4
Q

___ are able to take in energy through other organisms by interacting.

A

Consumer

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a biotic factor?
a. lion
b. birds
c. jellyfish
d. precipitation

A

D. precipitation

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6
Q

All life on earth exists in

A

the biosphere

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7
Q

Many turtles living together is called a

A

population

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8
Q

The process of converting light energy to usable forms is called

A

photosynthesis

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9
Q

What are non living factors that affect an ecosystem?

A

Abiotic factor

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10
Q

what is a carnivore?

A

an animal that gets energy by eating other organisms.

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11
Q

Sunlight hit a mushroom, a fungus, found in a typical forest. The mushroom can be categorized to be ____?

A

Decomposer

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12
Q

An evergreen tree can be able to produce carbohydrates, this unique characteristic is only found in ______.

A

Autotrophs

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13
Q

Using solar energy to produce food by making it from ____.

A

Inorganic molecules

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14
Q

What do consumers give off that producers need?

A

Carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Ecologists have discovered that the seed of many plants that grow in forests cannot sprout unless they have been exposed to fire. Design an experiment to test whether a particular plant has seeds with this requirement. Include you hypothesis statement, and a description and outline a procedure.

A

Hypothesis: The daisy seed does not require to be exposed to heat to grow in a forest. A small mesh or pan to hold the seeds over the fire and have a control batch of seeds to record the outcome. After having the seeds exposed to fire, plant both batches of seeds in a controlled environment and record the progress and change my hypothesis if needed.

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16
Q

Provide a photosynthetic reaction with proper labelling and description.

A

The plant gets sunlight, rain and carbon dioxide and uses the sunlight energy to convert the carbon dioxide to oxygen and the water and sunlight into glucose. The process of turning inorganic matter to organic matter.

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17
Q

Give an example of how an abiotic factor might influence the organism in an ecosystem.

A

An example of how an abiotic factor may influence an organism in an ecosystem is a plant and the humidity. A plant or tree’s leaves may hang low because of high humidity.

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18
Q

Algae can be considered _____.

A

Primary producer

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19
Q

The process of converting sunlight energy to organic molecules is ____.

A

Photosynthesis

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20
Q

Which of the following is FALSE about autotrophs:
a. able to convert sunlight energy into usable energy
b. produce oxygen
c. produce nutrients
d. are mainly plants

A

d. are mainly plants

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21
Q

Carbohydrates are considered to be ____.

A

Sugars

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22
Q

Dogs are considered

A

scavengers

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23
Q

Eagles are considered

A

Carnivores

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24
Q

People who explore caves where there is running water but no sunlight often find them populated with unique types of fish and insects. What hypothesis can you make to explain the ultimate source of energy for these organisms?

A

The hypothesis we can make is that they eat things that use chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is using chemicals to convert to energy. Organisms who don’t have access to sunlight often use this.

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25
How are detritivores different from decomposers? Provide 2 examples of each.
Detritivores eat decomposing or already decomposed organisms while decomposers decompose organisms, mainly with their mucus. Two examples of detritivores are: Worms, snails Two examples of decomposers are: Bacteria, fungi
26
Energy from the sun is described as photosynthesis, describe this reaction.
Photosynthesis starts with a producer getting energy from the sunlight and using it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. CO2+H2O-->C6H12O6+O2
27
The combined portions of the earth in which all living things exist is called the ____.
biosphere
28
Which of the following is NOT a basic method used by ecologists to study the living world? a. experimenting b. classifying c. Modelling d. observing
B. classifying
29
Which ecological inquiry method is an ecologist using when he or she enters an area periodically to count the population numbers of a certain species?
modelling
30
A community of organism and their abiotic environment is a/an ___.
Ecosystem
31
When organisms in the biosphere _____ with one another there is evolution.
Interact
32
Muck is considered to be _____.
Biotic and abiotic
33
At what stage does an ecologist make a hypothesis?
observation
34
Thoroughly explain the relationship between ecology and economics. Provide an example of each.
The relationship between ecology and economics is that we need things like food and water from ecological processes. People sell the products of these ecological processes to make money. An example would be planting potato seeds, helping the potatoes to grow, then digging them up and selling them.
35
Briefly explain the scientific approaches for ecologists.
The scientific approaches are observing, experimenting, and modelling. While observing, scientists watch and collect information about the organisms or environment that they're studying. In experimenting, scientists use their information to experiment or test hypothesis. In modelling, they collect data, analyze, and use models. An example of observing is watching how animals behave around other organisms. An example of experimenting is testing how trees grow in different climates. An example of modelling is making a 3d model of how the trees grow and react differently.
36
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
37
Stimulus is defined as
a signal where a living thing reacts, a process that results in the change of state
38
A diabetic man cannot regulate sugar content in their body due to pancreas no producing insulin. Failure in ___ is present.
homeostasis
39
Zooplankton is a common example of ___.
Heterotroph
40
What is one of the main ways we can describe the feeding relationships as a food web?
Many organisms have different types of diet
41
Each step in a food chain or food web is called
Trophic level
42
What is the pyramid of numbers?
The total amount of organisms in each trophic level
43
If the wildflowers have 8452 kcal of energy, how many kcal of energy is available to the third trophic level?
84.52
44
What do the arrows in a food chain/web represent?
It shows what direction the energy is flowing between organisms.
45
Biomass is usually measured in ___.
grams of organic matter
46
The amount of energy available at a trophic level helps determine the amount of biomass it can support. true or false
True
47
The pyramid of numbers when compared to the pyramid of biomass has a fixed shape. True or false
False
48
What is a food web?
A food web is a set of food chains that are interdependent and interchangeable in an ecosystem.
49
Describe a pyramid of energy.
As the trophic level rises, the energy passed to the nest organism is less. A pyramid of energy shows the relative amount of energy available in an ecosystem.
50
List 3 biotic factors.
bacteria, humans, animals, trees, flowers
51
List 3 abiotic factors
temperature, humidity, rocks, minerals, water, wind, sunlight, atmosphere, salinity
52
Describe the biosphere.
A biosphere includes land, water, atmosphere, and everything in it.
53
Describe an ecosystem.
An ecosystem is an area where both abiotic and biotic factors work together .
54
Give an example of a biome.
savanna, tundra
55
Why do we need energy?
We need energy for cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process of growing, metabolizing, excreting and reproducing.
56
List an inorganic factor.
sunlight, water
57
What are autotrophs?
Autotrophs are producers, they are able to produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. An example would be a phytoplankton.
58
What are heterotrophs?
Heterotrophs are consumers, they cannot produce their own food and are dependent on autotrophs. An example would be animals or fungi.
59
Can energy be created?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
60
Describe chemosynthetic organisms.
Chemosynthetic organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates. They are usually found in harsh conditions such as hot springs, underwater volcanoes, cave, and underwater(no light and high pressure).
61
What is a food chain?
A series in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten.
62
What do decomposers do?
Decomposers turn material into detritus.
63
What is detritus?
Detritus is eaten by detritivores such as crayfish, grass shrimp, and worms.
64
What are all the ecological pyramids?
Pyramids of biomass, energy, and numbers.
65
What are the biogeochemical processes?
biological, geological, and chemical processes
66
What are biological processes?
Life processes such as breathing, excreting, reproducing, and respiration.
67
What are geological processes?
Includes volcanic eruptions and formation by living organisms. (within or below the earth)
68
What are chemical and physical processes?
The formation of clouds and the flow of running water and lightning.
69
What is human activity?
Mining and burning fossils and burning forest affect cycles of matter.
70
How long does completing one water cycle take?
About 4,000 years
71
Where does the water cycle start?
The ocean
72
What is another name for the water cycle?
Hydrologic Cycle
73
What is CaCO3 and where is it usually found?
CaCO3 is calcium carbonate and is usually found in skeletons and rocks.
74
What is a cycle?
A cycle is events of different molecules repeating over and over simultaneously.
75
What does carbon mean?
Carbo or charcoal
76
What is made of carbon?
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and protein.
77
What is climate?
The year to year conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area over a long period of time.
78
What is a microclimate?
Environmental conditions within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area.
79
What is the greenhouse effect?
The process in which certain gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2O (g), trap sunlight energy in earth's atmosphere as heat.
80
what is global warming?
The earth heating up
81
Why does the tropical region have unique organisms?
Because there is more sunlight therefore there is more food for food chains/webs
82
What is upwelling?
Water rises in warmer regions
83
What is heat transport in the biosphere
The difference in the amount of heat between the tropics and the poles create wind and ocean currents. These currents transport heat and moisture.

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