Bio Examples Flashcards
(36 cards)
GDP of agriculture in Australia
Australia’s agriculture sector contributes to 3% of the country’s gross domestic product
Case study of agricultural disease and effect
Foot and Mouth Disease: FMD virus.
Hoofed animals
Blistering prevents milk production.=
Estimated $15 billion au if occurs.
Public health campaign for an infectious disease.
late 1980s: Grim Reaper Campaign
Raised public awareness of HIV in a memorable way.
Effect: The incidence dropped and stabilised during the year following.
Rosalin Franklin
- Nucleotide bonding & pairing.
- Nucleotide composition
- DNA replication
Mendle’s laws
Autosomal inheritance:
- principle of dominance
- law of segregation (each gamete carries 1 allele for
each gene) - the law in independent assortment
Effect of EMR mutagens and example.
X rays: shorter wavelengths enter in cell and interfere with the DNA in the nucleus causing chemical compositions to change such as the bonds to break, cellular division to be impaired and metabolism.
Aboriginal use of biotechnology
Aqua culture
Eel traps among water systems of western NSW.
Built connection between previously existing water systems.
Examples of agricultural problems that have occurred from whole organism cloning.
1845: Ireland’s Potatoe famine.
- cloned lumper potatoes.
- all susceptiable to potatoe blight fungus.
Dolly
- not strictly identical, subject to environmental factors that influence gene expression.
- Mitochondrial DNA is different
- It to 2007 times to create Dolly who died early.
Agricultural example of a transgenic species.
Bt CORN
Gene - Bacillus Thuringia: soil bacterium that produces insecticidal toxins.
Pest - European Corn Borer
Industry uses of modern biotechnology
GMO yeast: converts waste into biofuel
Bioplastics produced from corn.
Enzyme: languard: used for pesticide degradation.
Words first drastic change in biodiversity
Movement from hunting and gathering to farming.
Selective breeding for stronger yields.
Increasing population density → world’s first drastic change in biodiversity.
Working dogs.
Smoke bush
Used against cancer and HIV aids
Example of Aboriginal Medicine & its contribution to modern day medicine.
Eucalyptus Oil
infused for body pains and fevers
Commercially: in mouthwash, throat lozenges and cough represents.
Example of a proccess to give recogintion of aboriginal people.
Macquarie University Indeigenous Bioresources Research Group.
Incidence & prevalence of disease: Dengue/Malaria
- Tropical / subtropical
- 1950: epidemics in thailand.
- Aedes aegypti mosquioto vector.
- Breeding: waste disposal, tree, water storage.
- new mediciation, releif for aches and pains and fevers.
- pesticide, education, vaccine
- vaccine: 4 types, hard to develop.
Endotherm structural adaption for homeostasis example
Red kangaroo - longer loop of henle.
Increases water absorption, more conc. urine, less water loss.
Endotherm physiological adaption for homeostasis example.
Koala - low metabolic rate
Eucalyptus more properly digested, conserves energy.
Endotherm behavioral adaptions example
Kangaroo: panting and licking forearms assists evaporative cooling.
Eastern pygmy possum: hybernates in winter when food is scarce.
Mechanisms in plants that allow water balance to be maintained example.
Ficus Carcia: sunken stomata in leaf pockets
- pockets trap air around leaf
- creates a humid layer around stomate
- prevents conc gradient
- reduces rate of transpiration.
Epidemiological case study example
Dr Robert Doll, 1947 London.
- suggested link between smoking and lung cancer.
- wide range of factors collected.
Plant disease in agricultural production
Fire Blight: bacterium
- fruits, apples, pears
- all apple producing EXCEPT aus.
- tissue death, bacterial ooze.
- Aus fruit industry: $475 million / year.
Example of a biological mutation
End of metabolism products: nitrosamines
- nitric acid eaten in combination with amine cooked at high temperatures.
- combines to form a carcinogen.
Chromosone mutation
Nondisjunction causing Aneuploidy
-Meiosis 1
- Down Syndrome - extra chromosome 21
- 0.1% live births worldwide.
Likelihood increases along with age of mother
- More commonly occurs during egg formation as opposed to sperm formation.
- experience cognitive delays, characteristic facial appearance.
