Bio Final

Question 1

The testes produces hormones called

Answer 1

Androgen( testicular hormone)

Question 2

_____________lines the seminiferous tubules. And in this lining there are cubodial cells called________and tall and somatic cells called______________

Answer 2

• germinal epithelium
• primordial germ cells
• Sertoli cells ( nurse cells)

Question 3

_________ are the ones that nourish(feed) developing sperms

Answer 3

Sertoli cells( nurse cells)

Question 4

List the steps of primordial germ cells developing into sperm

Answer 4

• primordial germ cells
  Through mitotic cell division
  Produce large number of
• spermatogonia (sperm mother cell) (they have 46 chromosomes)
  Through mitotic division produce
• primary spermatocytes(46 chromosome)
  Through meiosis 1 produce
• two haploid secoundary spermatocyte(23 chromosomes)
  Through meiosis two produce
• four haploid spermatid
  Through spermiogenesis produce
• 4 spermatozoa ( sperm )

Question 5

Hermaphroditic species

Answer 5

Sex of both female and male within the same individual

Question 6

Dioecious species

Answer 6

Separate male and female sexes

Question 7

Himalayan rabbits are ________ Color in moderate temperatures
And ________ Color in cold temperatures

Answer 7

• white coloured coat
• black Coloured coat

Question 8

Genetic disorders can be grouped into

Answer 8

• single gene disorder
• chromosome disorder
• multi factorial disorder

Question 9

____________ and ____________ are examples of diagnostic tests to be taken durning pregnancy to find out if the baby had a genetic disorder or not

Answer 9

• Amniocentesis
• chorionic villus

Question 10

Human gene editing technology is used to

Answer 10

Disrupt harmful genes or to repair mutated genes

Question 11

Patient derived cellular gene therapy products use

Answer 11

Cells removed from the patient are genetically modified and then Returned to the patient

Question 12

________ is one of the richest genetic resource centres in the world in terms of crop diversity

Answer 12

Ethiopia

Question 13

What are the five major cereals that are the core of Ethiopias agriculture and food economy

Answer 13

• teff
• maize
• wheat
• sorghum and barley

Question 14

_________ is the most recent and complex branch in the field of bioinformatics

Answer 14

Systems biology

Question 15

How many muscles are in our body

Answer 15

700

Question 16

Muscles make up ________ of the human body weight

Answer 16

Half

Question 17

The cardiac muscle forms a thick middle layer between _____________ and ____________ with blood supplied to circulate via the ________________

Answer 17

• the outer layer of the heart wall( pericardium )
• the inner layer ( endocardium)
• coronary circulation

Question 18

The cardiac muscle is an__________ muscle composed of tissues of the wall of the heart called_________

Answer 18

-involuntary striated
-myocardium

Question 19

The skeletal muscles composes_______________ of total body mass

Answer 19

30 to 40%

Question 20

The skeletal muscle fibers innervated by a single motor axon are called

Answer 20

a motor unit

Question 21

What is Isometric

Answer 21

Doesn’t change the length

Question 22

What is Concentric

Answer 22

shortening the muscle

Question 23

What is Eccentric

Answer 23

lengthening the muscle fibers

Question 24

Humans are born with over _________bones, but many of the bones fuse between birth and the end of maturity we are left with ___ bones

Answer 24

-300
-206

Question 25

bones are strong and lightweight because they’re a combination of a protein called_______ and a molecule called_________

Answer 25

Collagen calcium phosphate

Question 26

Osteoblasts

Answer 26

involved in new bone formation

Question 27

Osteocytes

Answer 27

are mature bone cells that help to mature bones of newborns.

Question 28

____________break down bones and help them to form into correct shapes.

Answer 28

Osteoclasts

Question 29

_____________are important in repair of fracture

Answer 29

Osteoprogenitor

Question 30

Some examples of irregular bones are

Answer 30

Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx , temporal, mandible, palatine, nasal

Question 31

Some examples of flat bones are

Answer 31

Cranium (skull), ilium (pelvis), sternum, and ribs

Question 32

What is the thorax? How many bones ? And what is it’s function

Answer 32

- sternum - one - Bind and handle the abdomen

Question 33

What are saddle joints? And give some examples

Answer 33

-enables movement back and forth, side to side, and cannot rotate - thumb base

Question 34

What are Pivot( rotary or trochoid) joints? And give some examples?

Answer 34

one bone swivels( one revolve without turning the other ) in a ring - examples are ulna, radius, and neck

Question 35

What are Condyloid joints and give some examples

Answer 35

joints that do not rotate but allow movements finger and jaw

Question 36

What does the seminal vesicle do ?

Answer 36

secretes fructose into the semen, which provides energy for the sperm

Question 37

What does the prostate gland do ?

Answer 37

secretes an alkaline buffer into the semen to protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina

Question 38

What does the Cowper’s gland do ?

Answer 38

secretes mucus-rich fluids into the semen that may protect the sperm from acids in the urethra

Question 39

The positive feedback leads to___________ and the negative feedback leads to____________

Answer 39

ovulation menstruation

Question 40

Women are born with________ at birth of which around_________ eggs reach puberty,_____ eggs mature and ovulate throughout our reproductive years.

Answer 40

-one to two million eggs - 400,000 -400

Question 41

About_________ after fertilization, the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus

Answer 41

six days

Question 42

Implantation is complete within ________ days

Answer 42

Nine or ten days

Question 43

is a chart used to determine the expected ratios of the possible genotypes in the offspring of two parents (probabilities).

Answer 43

Punnet square

Question 44

What is mono hybrid cross

Answer 44

- first you cross two pure lines - this results in F1 generation which are all heterozygous dominant - this are bred to the produce F2 generation In which there was a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits

Question 45

is a cross between two traits of individuals at a time

Answer 45

A dihybrid cross

Question 46

What is a test cross

Answer 46

It’s when we cross a known homozygous recessive (bb) and an unknown genotype of parent

Question 47

What is a back cross

Answer 47

In a back cross, the F1 hybrid is crossed back with any of the parents, either recessive/or dominant.

Question 48

What are the two alleles for the Rh factor and what are thier antigens

Answer 48

Rh + - Dominant Rhesus D antigen Rh - ➡️ no antigen

Question 49

________ is when there is a wrong number of chromosomes

Answer 49

Aneuploidy

Question 51

_________ has the largest livestock population in Africa

Answer 51

Ethiopia