Bio Hw due 9/22

Question 1

Theodor Schwamn extended Schleidan’s hypothesis by suggesting that animal tissue was made of:

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

NOT a part of the cell theory

Answer 2

All cells are repalced

Question 3

Most important factor that limits the size of cells?

Answer 3

Diffusion of substances in and out of the cell

Question 4

NOT a variable that affects the rate of diffusion through cell plasma

Answer 4

The volume of the cell

Question 5

If the radius of the cell increases by 10 times, then the surface area will increase by ____ times and the voume will increase by ______ times.

Answer 5

100,1000

Question 6

The purpose of a compound light microscope can best described as

Answer 6

to allow the visualization of cells and cellular componets

Question 7

The limitation of resolution for the human eye

Answer 7

100 micrometers

Question 8

A measure of clarity is the ability to observe 2 adjacent objects as distinct from one another:

Answer 8

Resolution

Question 9

Although resolution remains a physical limit we can improve the contrast between different cellular componets by:

Answer 9

Applying chemical stains to cells

Question 10

Technique involving the use of stains that bind to specific types of molecules by using antibodies

Answer 10

immunohistochemistry

Question 11

Are the cellular structure that all cells need to synthesize proteins

Answer 11

ribosomes

Question 12

Contain their genetic material in a nucleoid region

Answer 12

Prokaryotes

Question 13

Region of the cell contained with in plasma membrane

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

Describes an organelle

Answer 14

A membrane component with its own unique structure and function

Question 15

Most cells cannot be seen without a microscope why?

Answer 15

Because of the limited resolving power of the human eye

Question 16

Structures ONLY found in prokaryotic cells

Answer 16

Nucleoid

Pili

Question 17

Groups of organisms have prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 18

Structures called ____ are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are the sites of polypeptide synthesis.

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE:

Prokaryotes lack cytoskeletal elements?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Most bacterial cells are encased by a strong cell wall composed of ______ which is a carbohydrate matrix cross linked by polypeptides.

Answer 20

peptidoglycan

Question 21

The ____ _______ of a bacterium helps the organism maintain its shape and prevents the excessive loss of water.

Answer 21

cell wall

Question 22

When certain bacteria produce protective polysaccharide capsules, disease causing bacteria use these capsules to aid in:

Answer 22

adhering to surfaces

Question 23

Common to bacteria and archaea ?

Answer 23

Ribosomes

a plasma membrane

Question 24

Antibiotics such as penicillin and vancomyicin interefere with

Answer 24

peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 25

Archaea differ from bacteria in which of the following ways?

Answer 25

They lack peptidoglycan

Question 26

Thermal protection in archaea relates to which of the following?

Answer 26

Saturated hydrocarbons in a monolayer

Question 27

Archaea appear to be mostly related to:

Answer 27

Eukaryotes

Question 28

Long thread like structures protruding from the surface of prokaryotic cells that are used for locomotion

Answer 28

Flagella

Question 29

What property do flagella provide to bacterial cells?

Answer 29

Motility

Question 30

Who was the natural philosopher that studied cork cells under a compound microscope in 1665?

Answer 30

Hooke

Question 31

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by 2 phospholipid bilayer membranes, collectively called the_____ envelope

Answer 31

nuclear

Question 32

Problems faced by larger cells compared to smaller cells

Answer 32

- They need to produce more macromolecules - -Greater production of wastes - Higher energy requirements

Question 33

Macroscopic cells

Answer 33

vertebrate eggs

Question 34

A compound microscope can resolve structures that are how far apart?

Answer 34

200 nm or greater.

Question 35

A light microscope utilizes _____ for illumination whereas an electron microscope uses a beam of ______.

Answer 35

light, electrons

Question 36

With TEM, a beam of ____ is transmitted through a biological sample.

Answer 36

electrons

Question 37

The plasma ______ is a phospholipid bilayer that forms a barrier between cell and its external enviroment.

Answer 37

membrane

Question 38

_____ transport essential nutrients and ions into the cell and export susbstances out of the cell

Answer 38

Proteins

Question 39

Nuclear _____ form at the points where the inner and outer nuclear membrane meet.

Answer 39

pores

Question 40

Types of molecules that can move through the nuclear enevelope:

Answer 40

ions RNA

Question 41

The inner surface of the nuclear envelope us covered with a network of fibers called

Answer 41

Nuclear Lamina

Question 42

Chromatin must be compacted into a more highly condensed state during ____ ______

Answer 42

cell division

Question 43

Before cells can synthesize proteins in large quanitity they must first construct a large number of ______ to carry out this synthesis

Answer 43

ribosomes

Question 44

Genes encoding ribomosal RNAs are often clustered together on the chromosome, facilitating the construction of ribosomes. How many copies of those genes are found on the chromosome?

Answer 44

Hundreds

Question 45

Ribosomal subunits are produced ina region of the nucleus called ?

Answer 45

Nucleoli

Question 46

Ribosomes are responsible for _____ synthesis in the cell

Answer 46

protein

Question 47

2 subunits make up a ____

Answer 47

ribosome

Question 48

_______ type of RNA carries information form DNA

Answer 48

messenger

Question 49

The _____ may be called the "universal organelle" because it is found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 49

ribosomes