bio lab 106 final

Question 1

pH of pure water

Answer 1

7

Question 2

buffers

Answer 2

sets of chemicals that “soak up” excess H+, keep pH stable

Question 3

ocean acidification

Answer 3

too much CO2 absorbed, pH decreases

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

movement from high to low concentration ; driven by random(brownian) motion/kinetic energy

Question 5

what does the rate of diffusion depend on?

Answer 5

temp, molecular weight, and solvent density

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 7

isotonic solution

Answer 7

same concentration of solutes and water

Question 8

hypotonic solution

Answer 8

lower concentration of solutes and higher water

Question 9

hypertonic solution

Answer 9

higher concentration of solutes and lower water

Question 10

mode

Answer 10

number with the greatest frequency

Question 11

standard deviation

Answer 11

how “clustered” values are

Question 12

null hypothesis

Answer 12

there is no difference between the groups of data

Question 13

standard alpha value

Answer 13

0.05

Question 14

statistic < a

Answer 14

reject null hypothesis - difference is present

Question 15

statistic > a

Answer 15

accept/ fail to reject null hypothesis - no difference

Question 16

enyzmes

Answer 16

proteins that act as catalysts

Question 17

enzymes ___ the activation energy in a reaction

Answer 17

lower

Question 18

wavelength

Answer 18

distance between wave peaks

Question 19

transmittance

Answer 19

how much light makes it through the solution

Question 20

exergonic reactions

Answer 20

breakdown of large molecules, energy released

Question 21

endergonic reactions

Answer 21

building large molecules from small molecules, energy consumed

Question 22

cellobiase

Answer 22

disaccharide of two glucose molecules, breaks down cellubiose

Question 23

the more yellow, the more:

Answer 23

product

Question 24

photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)

Answer 24

part of light spectrum from ~400-700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in process of photosynthesis

Question 25

do plants use respiration?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

fermentation

Answer 26

anaerobic respiration

Question 27

endotherms

Answer 27

use metabolic energy to maintain constant body temperature relative to their environment

Question 28

ectotherms

Answer 28

use environmental energy and behavioral adaptations to regulate their body temperature

Question 29

ectotherm vs endotherm higher metabolic rate?

Answer 29

endotherm for maintaining constant internal temp

Question 30

mitosis

Answer 30

parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells; somatic cells

Question 31

meiosis

Answer 31

reduces chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n); sex cells

Question 32

gametes

Answer 32

sperm and egg

Question 33

meiosis produces

Answer 33

four haploid daughter cells

Question 34

each homologous chromosome has

Answer 34

two copies (sister chromatids)

Question 35

centromere

Answer 35

common region that holds together sister chromatids

Question 36

fertilization

Answer 36

gametes merge into a diploid cell called a zygote that undergoes mitosis

Question 37

each zygote has

Answer 37

2 copies of each chromosome (homologous chromosomes), and therefore 2 alleles for each gene

Question 38

genotype

Answer 38

combination of alleles

Question 39

two parts of cell division

Answer 39

division of DNA and division of cytoplasm

Question 40

spindle

Answer 40

specialized DNA sorting machine

Question 41

autosomes

Answer 41

contain genes for non-sex traits

Question 42

interphase

Answer 42

all chromosomes are copied

Question 43

m phase

Answer 43

cells divide up their DNA and cytoplasm

Question 44

tetrad

Answer 44

4 chromosomes held together during meiosis I

Question 45

DNA is copied by

Answer 45

the enzyme polymerase

Question 46

primers

Answer 46

bind DNA and specify what gets copied

Question 47

dNTPs

Answer 47

building blocks that make a new strand of DNA

Question 48

base-pairing

Answer 48

used to generate a complementary strand during replication