Bio Lab Exam

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

individual particles of different elements

combine to form molecules

Question 2

Molecules

Answer 2

Formed by atoms

can be assembled in particular arrangements to form the organelles of cells

Question 3

Tissues

Answer 3

formed by cells

tissues can combine to form organs

Question 4

Levels of structural organization (6)

Answer 4

Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organismal level

each level increases in complexity and new properties emerge

Question 5

Integumentary system

Answer 5

encloses internal body structures, protects the body from external diseases and infection, and is the site of many sensory receptors

hair, skin, nails

Question 6

Skeletal system

Answer 6

supports the body and enables movement

bones, joints, cartilage

Question 7

Muscular system

Answer 7

enables movement and helps maintain body temperature

skeletal muscles and tendons

Question 8

Lymphatic system

Answer 8

returns fluid to the blood and defends against pathogens

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels

Question 9

Respiratory system

Answer 9

removes CO2 from the body and delivers oxygen to the blood

nasal passage, trachea, and lungs

Question 10

Digestive system

Answer 10

processes food for use by the body and removes waste from undigested food

stomach, liver, gall bladder, small/large intestine

Question 11

Nervous system

Answer 11

detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses

brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Question 12

Endocrine system

Answer 12

secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries

Question 13

Cardiovascular system

Answer 13

delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and equalizes temperature in the body

heart and blood vessels

Question 14

Urinary system

Answer 14

controls water balance in the body and removes waste from the blood and excretes them

kidneys and urinary bladder

Question 15

Reproductive system

Answer 15

produces sex hormones and gametes (both)
delivers gametes to a female (male)
supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk (female)

epididymis and testes
mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus

Question 16

Epidermis

Answer 16

outer layer of the skin
is made up of 4 or 5 layers of epithelial cells
doesn’t have any blood vessels within it

acts as a protective barrier

Question 17

Dermis

Answer 17

deeper layer of the skin
contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands

regulates the body’s temperature, produces oil, grows hair, provides feeling, and protects the body

Question 18

Hypodermis

Answer 18

connects the skin to underlying structures

Question 19

Duodenum

Answer 19

is a part of the small intestine

consists of 4 layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 20

Lumen

Answer 20

the opening inside of the bowels

Question 21

Mucosa

Answer 21

the innermost layer of the duodenum

consists of a epithelium and smooth muscle layer, includes mucus glands and microvilli

microvilli work to absorb nutrients

Question 22

Submucosa

Answer 22

second layer of the duodenum, superficial to the mucosa

includes loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and Brunner’s glands which secretes mucus

the mucus helps food move through the tract and bicarbonate neutralizes the acid

Question 23

Muscularis

Answer 23

third layer of the duodenum, superficial to the submucosa

made up of smooth muscle tissue

muscles churn the chyme, mixes it with digestive enzymes. this muscle movement is called peristalsis

Question 24

Serosa

Answer 24

The outermost layer of the duodenum

comprised of squamous epithelium

the single layer of flat epithelium cells provides a barrier to other organs

Question 25

Goblet cells

Answer 25

secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen

Question 26

Axillary

Answer 26

armpit

Question 27

Popliteal

Answer 27

back of knee

Question 28

Thoracic cavity

Answer 28

contains heart, lungs, and other tissues and organs

Question 29

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

consists of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Question 30

Cranial cavity

Answer 30

contains the brain, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

Pleural cavity

Answer 31

fluid filled space the surrounds the lungs

Question 32

Pericardial cavity

Answer 32

space between the visceral and parietal pericardial layers (surrounds the heart)

Question 33

Mediastinum

Answer 33

middle section of the thoracic cavity

Question 34

Microscope magnification

Answer 34

how much larger a microscope makes an object appear

determined by multiplying the ocular and objective magnifications

Question 35

Drawing magnification

Answer 35

also known as scale

describes the size of a drawing relative to the actual size of the specimen

Question 36

Calculating drawing magnification

Answer 36

Magnification = size of the drawing/actual size = ____X

Question 37

Field of diameter values

Answer 37

4x = 4 mm
10x = 1.6mm
40x = 0.4mm
100x = 0.16mm

Question 38

Endomembrane system

Answer 38

a system of membrane bound organelles near the nucleus that sort, process, package, and deliver proteins and other molecules within the cell and extracellular fluid

plasma membrane, RER and SER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Question 39

Ribosome

Answer 39

made of two ribosomal RNA subunits and proteins

the site of protein synthesis

Question 40

Rough ER

Answer 40

convoluted and flattened membrane sheets, ribosomes are found on the sheets

produces proteins necessary for the cells function. it is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins

Question 41

Smooth ER

Answer 41

tube-like structure

synthesizes lipids (phospholipids and steroid hormones) and metabolizes some carbs and performs a detoxification role