Bio Lab - Final Study Guide Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
LAB 8/9 - Porifera, Radiata, Intro to Bilateria
A
2
Q
What are porifera?
A
Sponges
3
Q
What are the Radiata?
A
Ctenophora and Cnidaria
4
Q
What are the Ctenophora?
A
The comb jellies
5
Q
What are the Cnidaria?
A
Corals, jellies, hydras, ect.
6
Q
What are the bilateria?
A
Protostomia and Deuterostomia
7
Q
What are some characteristics of porifera?
A
They are pore bearing, marine, asymmetric, multicellular, sexyan and asexual, non motile organisms with internal skeletons.
8
Q
What are the three water flows of porifera?
A
Asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid
9
Q
What are characteristics of Radiata?
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True tissue, radial symmetry, stinging cells, non motile or limitid motality
10
Q
What is polyp vs medusa
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Polyp is sessile, medusa is motile body form
11
Q
Class Hydrozoa
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Phylum cnidaria. Hydroids that can have polyp and medusae in a cycle. Ex) Obelia
12
Q
Class Scyphozoa
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Phylum cnidaria. Jellyfish with reduced or absent polyp,
13
Q
Class Anthozoa
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Phylum cnidaria. Sea anemones and coral, no medusae
14
Q
Bilateria
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Have bilateral symmetry and has new anatomical terms
15
Q
What does dorsal mean?
A
Upside or back
16
Q
What does ventral mean?
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Lower side or belly
17
Q
What are the bilateria body forms?
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Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and eucoelomate.
18
Q
What is a coelom?
A
Surrounded by mesoderm tissue.
19
Q
Are humans coelomates?
A
Yes
20
Q
What are the two clades of bilateria?
A
Protostomia and Deuterostomia
21
Q
Protostomia
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Mouth first. Mouth forms blastopore and group represents non molting protostomes and molting.
22
Q
Deuterostomia
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Mouth second. Anus forms from blastopore. Humans
23
Q
What are three non-molting protostomes?
A
Platyhelminthes, annelida, and mollusca
24
Q
What are platyhelminthes?
A
Flat worms
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What are annelida?
Segmented worms
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What are mollusca?
Mollisks
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
Acoelomate, dorsoventral flattening, parasitic, and hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs)
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Class Turbellaria
phylum platyhelminthes, planarians
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Class cestoda
Phylum platyhelminthes, tapeworm
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Class trematoda
Phylum platyhelminthes, flukes
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What are the three classes of Platyhelminthes?
Tuberilla, Cestoda, and Trematoda
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Phylum Annelida
Segmented and separated by septa, use coelom for flexible skeleton, closed circulatory system
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What are the three classes of Annelida?
Polychata, oligochaeta, and Hirudinea
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What is polychata?
Phylum anneldia, polychaets (many hair). Clamworm
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Oligochaeta
Earthworms.
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Hirudinea
Leeches
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Phylum Mollusca
Unesgmented, coelomate. Have a foot, and a mantle.
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What is radula
rasping tongue (mollusca)
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4 classes of Mollusca?
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda
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Class Polyplacophora
mollusca. Chitons
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Gastropoda
Mollusca. Gastropods (snails, slugs)
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Bilvalvia
Mollusca. Scallops, oyster, clam
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Cephalopoda
Squid, octopus ect. Mollusk
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What is madreporite?
Calcarious opening on the aboral surface of sea stars
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LAB 10/11 - ECDYSOZOANS, INTRO TO DEUTEROSTOMES
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What is the umbrella term for molting protostomes?
Ecdysozoa
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What are the 2 phyla of Ecdysozoans?
Nematoda and Arthropoda
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Nematoda
Roundworms
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Nematoda characteristics
Ecdysis, pseudocoelomaye, dioecious, longitudinal muscle, common in soil, free living and parasite
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C. elegans
Base model nematoda. Free living
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Ascaris
Gemus of roundworm
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Vinegar eels
nematoda
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Arthropoda
Joint foot (having jointed appendages)
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Arthropoda characteristics
Segmented with distinct cephalization, coelomate, chitin, and ecdysis
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What is the most diverse phylum
Arthropoda
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What are the 4 subphyla of arthropoda?
Cheliceriformes, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda
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What are cheloiceriformes?
Horseshoe crab
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What are Myriapoda?
Centipede and milipede
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What are crustacea?
Crab and lobster
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What are Hexapoda
Insects
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Celiceroformes
Arthropoda. Cephalothroax and abdomen
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Class merostoma
Cheliceriformes. Horseshoe crab
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Class Arachnida
Ceheliceriformes. Spider, scorpion
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Class Myriapoda
Arthropoda. Head and segmented trunk. 1 antennae ,paired mandibles. Unbranched appendages. Tracheal respritory system w/ spiracles (opening)
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Class Diplopoda
Phylum Myriapoda. Millipedes. 2 pairs of legs per segment
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Class Chilopoda
Phylum Myriapoda. Centipedes. 1 pair of leg per trunk seg. Venom claws
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Crustacea
Barnacles, crayfish, crab, lobster. 2 pairs of antennae, paired mandibles, 5 pairs of chelate (pincher) appendages, swimmerets, gills
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What is a unique feature of crustacea?
Biramous appendages (2 branched)
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Hexapoda
6 feet. Insecta. Head, thorax, abdomen 1 antennae, paired jaws. Unbranched appendages. Tracheal respiratory
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Deuterostomia phylum
Echinodermata
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Echinodermata
Coeloate, unsegmented, pentamerous radial symmetry, water vascular system, dermal endoskeleton with spines
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What are the 4 Echinodermata clsases?
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea
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What is Asteroidea?
Sea stars/starfish
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What is Ophiuroidea?
Brittle stars
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What is Echinoidea?
Sea urvin and sand dollar
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What is Holothuroidea?
Sea cucumber.
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Class Asteroidea
Phylum Echinodermata. Starfish. 5 arms. Medreporite (filter water), central disc (where arms meet) tube feet for attachment.
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Class Ophiuroidea
Phylum Echinodermata. Brittle stars, 5 arms, central disk with serpentine arms
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Class Echinoidea
Phylum Echinodermata. Urchins and sand dollar. Pentamerous characteristics. Jaws. Mouth called aristotle's lantern.
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Class Holothuroidea
Phylum Echinodermata. Sea cucumber. Tentaces at mouth. Cloaca and vent at anus. Radial muscle, Gonad
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LAB 12/13 - DEUTEROSTOMES AND MAMMALIAN ORGAN SYSTEMS
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Phylum Chordata
invertebrate and vertibrate.
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Are all chordates vertibrades?
No
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What are the 4 traits of Chordata?
Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, postanal tail
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What are the three subphyla of Chordata?
Urochordata, Ceohalochordata, and Vertebrata
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What are Urochordata?
Sea squirts, tunicates
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What are Cephalochordata?
Lancelets and amphioxus
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What are Vertebrata?
Have a backbone; fish, amphibians, reptile, bird, mammals
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What are the 7 classes of vertebrata?
Agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves, and mammalia.
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What are Agnatha?
Jawless fish (lampreys)
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What are Chondrichthyes?
Cartilaginous fish (shark, rays)
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What are Osteichthyes?
Bony fish with paired fins
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What are Amphibia?
2 pairs of legs, scaly skin. (Lizard, snake, crocodile)
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What are Aves?
Feathers; paired wings and legs (bird) now in REPTILIA
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What are Mammalia?
Hair, mammary glands, and 2 paired appendages
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Cyclostome vs Gnathostome
Jawless vs jawed
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Which class of vertebrata is cyclostome?
Agnatha.
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Osteichthyes
Operculum (covered gill slits), lateral line
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3 muscle types
Smooth (single nucleus), cardiac (many striations, 1 nucleus), and skeletal (many nuclei, striations)
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LAB 14/15 - MAMMALIAN ORGAN SYSTEMS II
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What is respiration?
Breathing in (inhalation) and breathing out (exhalation)
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What are the 3 types of respriration?
External, Internal, and Cellular
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What is external respiration?
Exchanges respriatory gases between lungs and the inhaled air
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What is internal respiration?
Transfer of gases between the blood and body tissue
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What is cellular respiration?
Reaction in which energy is converted to ATP
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What are arteries?
They carry oxygen rich blood AWAY from the heart
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What are veins?
They carry oxygen poor blood TOWARD your heart
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What are the 4 chambers of the mammalian heart?
Right atrium + right ventricle (deoxygenated blood), left atrium + left ventricle (oxygenated blood)
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What divides your heart in half?
Septum
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What is the general blood flow of mammalian system?
Away from heart --> arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins --> back to heart
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Right side blood path
Blood eters through the vena cava into right artium. Artium contracts, blood goes into right ventricle through tricuspid valve. Ventricle contracts and blood pushed into pulmonary artery to be sent off to be oxygenated.
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Left side blood path
Pulmonary veins bring oxygeated blood to left atrium. Left atrium sends blood through bicuspid valve to left ventricle. Left ventricle pushes blood into aorta --> tissue, organs, cells.
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What does your blood do?
Transports nuctriends, waste and horones, maintains homeostasis, and immunity (protection against disease)
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What are the upper and lower layer of blood spun in a centrifuge?
Upper is plasma (yrllow) and lower is formed elements (middle - WBC, bottom RBC)
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Erythrocytes
red blood cells carry oxygen with hemoglobin
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Leukocytes
white blood cells, part of immune system
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Neutrophils
part of WBC. Engulf and digest foreign invaders and release cytokines (chemical messengers) that contribute to inflammation
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Lymphocytes
B cells, T cells and Natural Killer cells. immunity and defese.
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Thrombocytes
Platelets assist with blood clotting
120
Path of filtration in kidney
Out of glomerulus, into bowman's capsule (now called filtrate), moved through proximal convoluted tubule, then loop of henle, then distal convoluted tubule. Water pullled out and remaining material is called urine. Urine leaves the collecting duct.
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Kidney function
filters waste/toxin from blood to form urine, maintains water balance, ph balance, ect.
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What does the ureter do?
Transport urine from kidney to bladder
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What is the urinary bladder?
Stores urine until expelled. Expants
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LAB 16 - DATA COLLECTION ON TURTLES
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Carapace
Top (dorsal) part of shell.
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Plastron
Bottom (ventral) part of shell
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Scute
single plate or scale on turtles shell
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Bridge
Shell part that connects carapce and plastron together
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Male turtle
Thicker, longer tail, cloaca positioned further to tip of tail, curved inward slightly on plastron, longer, curved front claws, smaller, more elongated shell shape
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Female turtle
cloaca located closer to body, plastron slightly convex for room for eggs, larger, shorter straight claws, rounder and wider shell for egg laying,
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Age of tutrle
Count rings on central scute and divide by 2. 2 rings/year
