Bio Lab - Lab 12_13

Question 1

What is phylum Chordata?

Answer 1

It is the phylum that includes simple marine invertibrates all the way to complex vertebrates (including humans).

Question 2

Are all chordates vertebrates?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Are all vertebrates chordates?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What are the 4 traits they are unified by some point in their life cycle?

Answer 4

Dorsol, tubular (hollow) nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal gill slits
Postanal tail

Question 5

What are the 3 subphyla and which are invertebrate?

Answer 5

Urochordata (invertibrate), Cephalochordata (invertebrate), and Vertebrata (vertebrate)

Question 6

What does urochordata mean?

Answer 6

Tunicates or “sea squirts”

Question 7

What does Cephalochordata mean?

Answer 7

Lancelets and Amphioxus

Question 8

What does vertebrata mean?

Answer 8

Have a backbone; fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Question 9

What are used as a prime example to show structures that are present at some point in all chordates?

Answer 9

Lancelets (cephalochordata)

Question 10

Where is the dorsal nerve cord?

Answer 10

At the top near the mouth, lower line.

Question 11

Where is the Notochord?

Answer 11

Mid way down, top line

Question 12

Where is the pharyngeal gill slits?

Answer 12

The gill lines on the bottom near the mouth.

Question 13

Where is the postanal tail?

Answer 13

Behind the anus

Question 14

What are the 7 classes of Vertebrata?

Answer 14

Agnatha, chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves, and mammalia

Question 15

What does Afnatha mean?

Answer 15

Jawless fish (lampreys, hagfish)

Question 16

What does Chondrichthyes mean?

Answer 16

Cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, rays)

Question 17

What does Osteichthyes mean?

Answer 17

Bony fish with paired fins

Question 18

What does amphibia mean?

Answer 18

Two pairs of legs, smooth skin (frogs, salamanders)

Question 19

What does Reptilia mean?

Answer 19

Two pairs of legs; scaly skin (lizards, snakes, crocodilians)

Question 20

What does Aves mean?

Answer 20

Feathers; paired with wings and legs (birds)

Question 21

What does mammalia mean?

Answer 21

Hair, mammary glands, 2 paired appendages

Question 22

What does cyclostome mean?

Answer 22

Jawless vertebrate

Question 23

What does Gnathostome mean?

Answer 23

Jawed vertebrate

Question 24

Which classes have jaws? Which do not?

Answer 24

All classes have jaws EXCEPT Agnatha

Question 25

Cyclostome: Brook lamprey

Answer 25

Has single median dorsal and caudal fins (no paired lateral fins). Has 7 pairs of external gill slits.

Question 26

Subphylum Vertebrata: Class Agnatha

Answer 26

Example is hagfish, they are cyclostome. Produce slime, used for ballistics protection, and for medical treatment.

Question 27

Subphylum Vertebrata: Class Chondrichthyes

Answer 27

Cartilaginous fish, gnathostome, CLASPERS on pelvic fins of mature males, uncovered gill slits.

Question 28

Subphylum Vertebrata: Class Osteichthyes

Answer 28

Bony fish, gnathostome, ex) yellow perch, scales, operculum (covered gill slits), and lateral line (from operculum to caudal fin).

Question 29

Subphylum Vertebrata: Class Amphibia

Answer 29

Ex) leopard frog and salamander, smooth skin, and TYMPANUM (eardrum) on frog.

Question 30

Class Amphibia (cont)

Answer 30

Axolotl is PAEDOMORPHIC salamander. Paedomorphosis is prolongation of larval life

Question 31

Subphylum Vertebrata: Class Reptilia

Answer 31

Ex) green anole, turtle, garter snake. Scaly skin, 4 legs, lizards (claws and eyelids), turtle (ventral and dorsol)

Question 32

LAB 13 POWERPOINT

Question 33

Mammalian organ system

Answer 33

Has stratum corneum, stratum germativum, sebaceous gland, adipose cells, arrector pili, where epidermis ends and dermis begins.

Question 34

Smooth muscle

Answer 34

Looks like pink line, not striated, single nucleus.

Question 35

Cardiac muscle

Answer 35

Many striations, intercalated discs, 1 nucleus per cell.

Question 36

Skeletal muscle

Answer 36

Many nuclei, many striations.

Question 37

Cartilaginous matrix

Answer 37

purple band between layers that is thick and has lots of circular structures.

Question 38

Bone

Answer 38

Haversian system, haversian canal, and lacunae

Question 39

Rat dissection..?

Answer 39

Use scissors to cut the skin, watch out for neck glands.

Question 40

Muscles to know for lab final

Answer 40

Digastricus, masseter, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, external oblique, triceps femoris, gracilis, acromiotrapezius, spinodeltoideus, latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius.

Question 41

Bones to know for lab final:

Answer 41

Axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, vertebrate, femur, fibula, tibia, patella, phalanfes, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, mandible

Question 42

Mammalian organ sysyems to know for final

Answer 42

Liver, pancreas, spleen, esophagus, stomach, pyloric sphincter constriction, duodenum, large intestine, cecum