BIO - LC3 End of years - Topic 1

Question 1

Function of the Nucleus?

Answer 1

Where DNA of cell is stored

Question 2

What does the vacuole contain?

Answer 2

cell sap

Question 3

what is an enzyme?

Answer 3

a biological catalyst that speeds up a process without being used up

Question 4

what is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

monosacchari (glucose)

Question 5

what is formed when an enzyme and a substrate combine?

Answer 5

an enzyme-substrate complex

Question 6

what two things can affect the rate of enzyme action?

Answer 6

temperature and pH

Question 7

what happens to enzymes at high temperatures and extreme pH?

Answer 7

they denature (change shape)

Question 8

what foods contain carbs?

Answer 8

bread, pasta

Question 9

what foods contain lipids?

Answer 9

butter, meat, oil, cream

Question 10

what colour change happens when you add reducing sugars to benedicts solution?

Answer 10

Blue - green - yellow - brick red

Question 11

What does Biuret solution test for

Answer 11

protein

Question 12

magnification =

Answer 12

image size/real size

Question 13

what are the monomers of lipids

Answer 13

glycerol + fatty acids

Question 14

What is proteins role in the body

Answer 14

helps to repair and build muscle tissue, immune system, enzymes

Question 15

what is the monomer of protein?

Answer 15

20x amino acids

Question 16

which cells contain ribosomes?

Answer 16

plant and animal cells

Question 17

which cells contain a vacuole

Answer 17

plant

Question 18

3 differences between electron + light microscopes

Answer 18

light microscopes have lower resolution, and lower magnification - electron microscopes take electrographs, are expensive, only observe dead cells and have no colour

Question 19

order from meter to picometer

Answer 19

meter, millimeter, micrometer, nanometer, picometre

Question 20

Mg =

Answer 20

Image / Actual

Question 21

whats at the front of the sperm

Answer 21

acrosome

Question 22

what is the mitochondria for

Answer 22

energy for swim to egg

Question 23

whats behind the acrosome (sperm)

Answer 23

haploid nucleus (half genetic material

Question 24

whats the jelly coat for (egg)

Answer 24

attracts sperm to egg, and hardens after fertilisation, so no other sperm can get in

Question 25

what do cilia do in a ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 25

moves like wave to move something along (eg. egg)

Question 26

which cell absorbs (digestion (intenstines))

Answer 26

epithilial cell with microvilli

Question 27

what do the microcrovilli do in epithelia cell do

Answer 27

outer membrane folded to form - increases surface area (absorption of food molecules)

Question 28

describe nucleoid in bacteria

Answer 28

bacterial chromosone (DNA - free in cytoplasm

Question 29

what other sub cellular organelles do bacteria contain (9)

Answer 29

pili, cytoplasm, slime capsule, flagella, ribosomes, cell membrane, Nucleiod, plasmids

Question 30

are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 30

prokaryotic

Question 31

differences between eukaryotes + Prokaryotes

Answer 31

pro has no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles and DNA is free in loop

Question 32

use of lipids

Answer 32

long term energy, insulation

Question 33

what is digestion

Answer 33

digestive enzymes break down larger molecules in food, eg starch, protein + lipids - then theyre small enough to be absorbed into immune system + small intestine

Question 34

emulsion test

Answer 34

add ethanol - white emulsion forms on surface (black card to see)

Question 35

energy per gram =

Answer 35

(mass of water(g) x temp rise x4.2) / mass of crisp

Question 36

why is calorimeter better

Answer 36

stirrer for heat distribution, ignition wires (stable temp) , insulated outside container (no heat lost), oxygen atmosphere (allows for complete combustion)

Question 37

what are enzymes made of

Answer 37

amino acids (protein)

Question 38

what enzyme breaks down starch

Answer 38

amylase

Question 39

what breaks down maltose and into what

Answer 39

maltase - glucose

Question 40

where is amylase found

Answer 40

saliva + small intestine

Question 41

where is catalase found

Answer 41

most cells, especially liver (hydrogen peroxide)

Question 42

what breaks down lactose and into what

Answer 42

lactase - sugar

Question 43

what digests protein / lipids

Answer 43

proteases / lipases

Question 44

rate of enzyme reaction =

Answer 44

amount of substrate broken down / time taken

Question 45

What is Osmosis

Answer 45

DIffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially permeable membrane

Question 46

dilute solution -

Answer 46

high concentration of water - low of dissolved substances - concentrated is opposite

Question 47

what happens if you put a plant cell in water

Answer 47

-water enters cell -by osmosis from high to low concentration -across a partially permeable membrane -cell doesnt burst because of cell wall

Question 48

What happens if you put an animal cell into a concentrated sugar solution

Answer 48

-water leaves cell -by osmosis -from high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane -cell shrivels (crenation)

Question 49

What do you call it when a cell shrivels

Answer 49

Crenation

Question 50

What is Diffusion

Answer 50

The net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 51

What is the importance of enzymes a biological catalysts in synthesis of protein, carbs, lipids + breakdown (amino acids/sugar)

Answer 51

Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats into small soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood. Amylase, proteases and lipases are enzymes that are important in digestion

Question 52

Which factors affect rate of diffusion

Answer 52

-Temp (more energy at high temp) -concentration gradient -surface area (greater = better) -size of particles (Larger cant move as easily through membrane)

Question 53

why is it important that alveoli has rich blood supply

Answer 53

The alveoli in the lungs exchange gases (mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and blood. The rich supply of blood capillaries around the alveoli ensures efficient gas exchange.

Question 54

Explain practical 2 (enzyme + pH)

Answer 54

- if the solution turns black, then it didn't work because the starch wasn't digested, but if it stays yellow, then the starch was digested.

Question 55

What's active transport

Answer 55

the movement of particles against concentration gradient, using energy from respiration

Question 56

why do plants die in waterlogged soil

Answer 56

Plants die in waterlogged soil because the water prevents the plants from taking up oxygen. The water stops gasses from being able to diffuse around the soil,

Question 57

Where is amylase found

Answer 57

Saliva and small intestine

Question 58

Where is catalase found

Answer 58

Most cells, especially liver

Question 59

Where is starch synthase found

Answer 59

Plants

Question 60

What does starch break down into

Answer 60

Sugars

Question 61

What does amylase break down into

Answer 61

Maltose

Question 62

What breaks down maltose into glucose

Answer 62

Maltase

Question 63

What breaks down starch to maltose

Answer 63

Amylase-