Topic 5

Question 1

3 bacteria infections?

Answer 1

Cholera, Tuberculosis, Helicobacter Pylori

Question 2

Symptoms of cholera?
How to prevent?

Answer 2

diarrhea - drink clean water/food and make sure whoever handles food/water isn’t infected

Question 3

Describe Tuberculosis

Answer 3

Lung damage, airborne infection

Question 4

Describe Helicobacter Pylori

Answer 4

stomach ulcers, oral

Question 5

examples of a virus

Answer 5

Ebola, HIV (leads to aids)

Question 6

Describe Ebola virus

Answer 6

Leads to Haemorrhagic fever, transmitted through bodily fluids

Question 7

Describe HIV

Answer 7

Its a virus that destroys white blood cells (immune system (CD4 T cell)), can lead to aids, which is a disease.
(CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell in the immune system)

Question 8

Name + describe a fungus infection

Answer 8

Chalara ash dieback (in ash trees) - its an airborne disease and symptoms are leafloss and bark lesions

Question 9

Name a protist infection

Answer 9

malaria

Question 10

how to prevent malaria

Answer 10

mosquito repellent/nets, vaccine

Question 11

what is malaria

Answer 11

protist disease carried by mosquitos - can be spread by plasmodium

Question 12

symptoms of malaria

Answer 12

Damage to blood and liver, fever, headache, nausea, chills, sweats

Question 13

how does cholera harm you

Answer 13

dehydration

Question 14

How to prevent Ebola

Answer 14

Wash hands, gloves

Question 15

How to prevent Tuberculosis

Answer 15

Wear masks

Question 16

What makes HIV worse than other viruses

Answer 16

affects immune system which is what fights off infections - less able to prevent from other infections

Question 17

causes of malaria

Answer 17

Infected animal - bites - genus plasmodium

Question 18

3 non communicable diseases

Answer 18

-High blood pressure
-Heart Disease
-Diabetes

Question 19

lack of iron

Answer 19

anemia

Question 20

alcohol leads to

Answer 20

alcohol hepatitis

Question 21

smoking leads to

Answer 21

lung cancer

Question 22

what is a pathogen

Answer 22

a disease causing organism

Question 23

What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

Answer 23

The lytic cycle results in the immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle integrates the viral DNA into the host’s genome and can remain dormant.

Question 24

In the lysogenic cycle, what does the virus do immediately after infection?

Answer 24

replicate

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The lytic cycle is characterized by the __________ of the host cell.

Answer 25

lysis

Question 26

Which stage of the lytic cycle involves the virus attaching to the host cell?

Answer 26

Attachment

Question 27

What is a prophage in the context of the lysogenic cycle?

Answer 27

A prophage is the viral DNA that is integrated into the host's genome during the lysogenic cycle.

Question 28

what is viral replication

Answer 28

The process by which viruses create more copies of themselves inside a host cell

Question 29

What is cholera spread by

Answer 29

water

Question 30

what are the two cycles of a virus

Answer 30

lyctic and lysogenic

Question 31

function of acrosome (sperm)

Answer 31

contains enzymes so sperm can penetrate the egg

Question 32

What is the importance of enzymes a biological catalysts in synthesis of protein, carbs, lipids + breakdown (amino acids/sugar)

Answer 32

Enzymes catalyze the reaction that combines smaller sugar units into larger sugars, such as starch and glycogen. These larger sugars are stored in the body for later use as a source of energy. (Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats into small soluble substances to be absorbed into the blood. Amylase, proteases and lipases are enzymes that are important in digestion)

Question 33

why might having one disease make you more likely to develop another

Answer 33

-some destroy your immune system (HIV/AIDS) -some damage bodies natural barriers -some may stop an organ from working properly

Question 34

What is health

Answer 34

‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’

Question 35

BMI=

Answer 35

Mass (kg) / height(m)^2

Question 36

medicine/surgery to treat cardiovascular disease (CABG)

Answer 36

-blood thinning - low dose aspirin, statin -cholesterol lowering medication -coronary artery bypass graft

Question 37

Lifestyle changes to treat cardiovascular disease

Answer 37

-healthy diet - rich in protein, fruit, veg -regular physical activity -weight management -quit smoking

Question 38

effects of alcohol with liver disease

Answer 38

increased risk of liver cancer, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis

Question 39

effects of smoking on cardiovascular disease

Answer 39

-damage to blood vessels -increased risk of heart disease -increased risk of stroke -increase heart rate / blood pressure -narrow blood vessels

Question 40

why does alcohol affect liver

Answer 40

the ethanol in alcohol is broken down by the liver, and too much of this can lead to liver disease, including cirrhosis.

Question 41

diseases influenced by nutrition

Answer 41

-Heart disease -Stroke -Type II diabetes -Osteoporosis -breast, colon, kidney cancer -High cholesterol

Question 42

Examples of non - communicable diseases

Answer 42

-Cardiovascular disease -Alzheimer's -Diabetes type II -Various cancers

Question 43

What produces mucus

Answer 43

Goblet cells

Question 44

Is cholera a communicable or non communicable disease

Answer 44

Communicable

Question 45

What does lack of vitamin C cause

Answer 45

Scurvy

Question 46

What does lack of Calcium and vitamin D cause?

Answer 46

Osteoporosis and rickets

Question 47

Treatments of cardiovascular disease

Answer 47

-Surgery (stents) - open blood vessels -Lifelong medicine -Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise)

Question 49

Disadvantages of lifelong medication

Answer 49

you have to take it every day for your whole life

Question 50

What type of disease is helicobacter pylori

Answer 50

bacteria

Question 51

Lyctic cycle

Answer 51

1) Phage DNA attaches to host cell 2) Phage injects DNA into host cell 3) Phage circularises and enters either lyctic or lysogenic cycle 4) new phage DNA and proteins are synthesised and assembled into virions 5) cell lyses (bursts) releasing phage virions

Question 52

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 52

1) Phage DNA attaches to host cell 2) Phage injects DNA into host cell 3) Phage circularises and enters either lyctic or lysogenic cycle 4) Phage DNA integrates within bacterial chromosome 5) lysogenic bacterium reproduces normally 6) occasionally, the phage DNA can excise from the host cell DNA and enter lyctic cycle

Question 53

Natural barriers

Answer 53

Skin, mucus, lysosomes