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Bio Lec Final > Bio Lec Exam 1 > Flashcards

Bio Lec Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1

A

False

The classification most commonly used by biologists today contains three domains: Bacteria,
Archaea, Eukarya.

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2
Q

2

A

TRUE

Climate change is primarily due to an imbalance in the chemical cycling of the element carbon.
Normally, carbon is cycled within an ecosystem. However, due to human activities, more carbon
dioxide is being released into the atmosphere than is being removed.

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3
Q

3

A

True

The control group in an experiment receives all the same treatments as the experimental
group(s), except for the one variable being tested

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4
Q

4

A

TRUE

Both abiotic agents (ex. temperature, precipitation) and biotic agents (ex. competition, predation)
can act as selective agents

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5
Q

5

A

FALSE

Carbon has four valence shell electrons which means it needs to share four more electrons to
have a complete valence shell. If it accomplishes this with single covalent bonds, it would need
to share electrons with four other atoms.

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6
Q

6

A

FALSE

Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. Waxes are long-chain fatty acids
bonded with carbon chains containing alcohol functional groups.

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7
Q

7

A

TRUE

ATP is a nucleotide-based molecule that supplies energy to the cell

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8
Q

8

A

FALSE

Starch is a polysaccharide that stores energy in plant cells.

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9
Q

9

A

FALSE

Migratory birds store energy as fat, since gram per gram, fat stores more energy than glycogen.

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9
Q

10

A

A, C

The additional carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere either stays in the atmosphere
and acts as a greenhouse gas or it is dissolved into the oceans where is causes acidification and
coral bleaching.

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10
Q

11

A

[A, B, C]

Biodiversity does not usually increase rapidly over time. Biodiversity in many ecosystems is
presently declining due to climate change and other factors.

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11
Q

12

A

[B, E]

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15. This means it has 15 protons (15 positive charges) and
therefore 15 electrons. The first two electron shells would be full but its valence shell would be
incomplete with 5 out of 8 electrons and therefore it will form chemical bonds with other
elements.

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12
Q

13

A

[A, C]

Oxygen-18 is an isotope of oxygen. Isotopes differ in their number of neutrons. A typical oxygen
has an atomic mass of 16 (8 protons + 8 neutrons), oxygen 18 would still have 8 protons (proton
number does not change) but it would have 10 neutrons.

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13
Q

14

A

[B, C, E]

Carbohydrates are formed from monomer subunits called monosaccharides and consist primarily
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Starch is a carbohydrate specific to plants and
chitin is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and other similar animals

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14
Q

15

A

C

An ecosystem ecologist studies the interactions and relationships that occur among groups of
species and their physical environment.

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15
Q

16

A

D

A scientific theory or principle is a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported, has
not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations.

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16
Q

17

A

A

The correct order of classification from most inclusive to most exclusive is: Domain-Kingdom-
Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species.

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17
Q

18

A

D

The correct sequence of increasing biological organization is: atom, molecule, organelle, cell.

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18
Q

19

A

D

Single-celled prokaryotes lack a membrane-bounded nucleus, are classified in the domains
Bacteria and Archaea, and are found in almost all habitats. However, they DO NOT contain
organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

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19
Q

20

A

D

A hypothesis is not a guess, it is a tentative explanation based on observation. Therefore,
observation must precede the hypothesis. Once a hypothesis is made, it is tested by
experimentation.

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20
Q

21

A

D

Living organisms are characterized by adaptation to the environment, evolving over time, and
displaying homeostatic controls, however, not all organisms require oxygen to survive. Some
area actually killed by oxygen.

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21
Q

22

A

A

Incorrect Answers:

B. Organisms in domain Archaea are primitive prokaryotes that live in extreme
environments.

C. Organisms in kingdom Plantae are composed of eukaryotic cells. Archaea are primitive
prokaryotes that live in extreme environments.

D. Organisms in kingdom Fungi are composed of eukaryotic cells. Archaea are primitive
prokaryotes that live in extreme environments.

E. Organisms in domain Eukarya are composed of eukaryotic cells. Archaea are primitive
prokaryotes that live in extreme environments.

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22
Q

23

A

B

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23
Q

24

A

D

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C A prediction is the expected outcome of an experiment based upon the knowledge of the factors in the experiment.
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D All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun. Plants, regardless of the kind of animal that pollinates them, rely on the sun for photosynthesis. All animals eat plants or they eat other animals that eat plants. Therefore, they are all dependent on the sun.
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A Since the researcher is not testing the contribution of a specific variable in relation to the length and weight of the pine needles, the data is a result of observation.
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B The control group is not exposed to the experimental variable. In this case, the control group does not receive either of the antibiotics.
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E The later classification systems better represent the unity and diversity of life, allow for better organization of ever-increasing numbers of species, and group organisms based on similarities related to their structure and evolution. The modern classification system is NOT necessarily more intuitive than the old one. For example, lizards are cold-blooded, lack feathers, and can't fly. Birds are warm-blooded, have feathers and can fly. One might not expect them to be grouped together but the new classification system puts them in the same group, Reptilia.
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A Tissues are made of cells and molecules are made of atoms.
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E The answer choice "Some plants should be given a fertilizer and others no fertilizer" should not be a consideration in this experiment because it is not one of the variables being tested in the experiment and adding it to the experimental design would make it difficult to discern the effects of the variables that are being tested.
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C
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A This situation describes adaptation to the environment.
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C It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.
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D From a science viewpoint, this conclusion may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock.
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B The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment is called the experimental design.
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A The levels of ecological study from most inclusive to most exclusive are: biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, individual organism.
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A A population consists of all of the individuals of a given species in a particular region.
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E The answer "includes the entire region of the Earth's surface that is inhabited by living organisms" is not a feature of an ecosystem. It is a feature of the biosphere which is a level of organization above the ecosystem.
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C Organisms belonging to the same family would be the most closely related.
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A Science is a systematic way of acquiring information about the natural world.
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A Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans.
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B Climate change is primarily due to an imbalance in the chemical cycling of the element carbon.
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44) D The control group in an experiment receives all the same treatments as the experimental group(s), except for the one variable being tested.
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45) C The selective agents for natural selection can be either abiotic or biotic.
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46) A
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47) B Antacids are bases and by definition can absorb out of a solution.
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48) D Both cohesion and adhesion explain the movement of water through a paper towel. Cohesion is holding the water molecules together within the droplet. The water molecules are attracted to the paper which is adhesion.
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49) B The number of protons = the atomic number; mass number is protons + neutrons. If the mass 17 + N number is 35 then . There are 18 neutrons.
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50) E Energy and half-life are not directly related.
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51
51) E
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52) B
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53) D The statement "The hydrogen atoms are more electronegative than the oxygen atom" is incorrect. The oxygen atoms in the water molecule are more electronegative than the hydrogens.
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54) D An atom's atomic mass is the average mass for all the isotopes of that atom.
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55) D From the symbol that is given, we know this is a hydrogen isotope with one proton and two neutrons. Hydrogen normally has one proton and no neutrons. Proton number never changes which means that a hydrogen atom with an atomic mass of 3, must have 1 proton and 2 neutrons.
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56) B Oxygen atoms can have eight or 10 neutrons. These are the same element.
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57) D The change occurred because gained a proton. Carbon originally had 6 protons. Once carbon gains a proton, its atomic number changes from 6 to 7, effectively changing it into nitrogen.
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58) D
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59) B The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom.
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60) D Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid by combining with excess.
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61) C
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62) A
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63) E
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64) B The reaction can flow either direction depending on whether there is an excess of hydrogen ions or not enough hydrogen ions.
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65) A From the information in the chart, it can inferred that double bonds are stronger than single bonds
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66) A The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.
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67) D The answer choice "Solid water contains more dissolved oxygen than liquid water" is false. The state of water, liquid or solid, does not affect the concentration of oxygen dissolved in it.
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68) C A coastal climate is moderated primarily because water has a high heat of evaporation.
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69) D Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is slightly basic.
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70) C
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71) D Since water is a polar molecule and has charges, it is attracted to other substances with charges. Nonpolar substances do not have charges and therefore do not attract water.
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72) C A solution with a pH of 7.0 has times more than a solution of pH 10.
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73) C A solution with a pH of 6.0 has times less than a solution of pH 10.
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74) A If hydrogen ions are added to blood, bicarbonate ions would combine with the acid forming carbonic acid.
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75) A
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76) A The first valence shell will hold a maximum of two electrons.
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77) A The first valence shell will have two electrons which will leave the remaining six to go in the second valence ring.
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78) A A molecule that is formed with two or more of the same type of atom are bonded together.
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C Triple covalent bonds are the strongest covalent bond.
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80) B Cohesion is the attraction of a water molecule to another water molecule.
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81) A Baking soda, oven cleaner, and human blood are all basic substances.
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82) A The frozen form of water is NOT more dense than the liquid form.
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83) A Because water molecules have charges, they like to stick to other things with charges such as glass. Adhesion describes the attraction of water molecules to other charged substances.
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84) A The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element.
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85) D The number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain is not something that differs between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
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86) B Cellulose is not used primarily for energy storage. It is a structural carbohydrate used by plants in the formation of their cell walls.
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87) A The lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ in the number of fatty acids. Phospholipids, which are found in the cell membrane, have two fatty acids while triglycerides, found in butter and vegetable oils, have three fatty acids.
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88) A When hydroxyl groups are attached to a hydrocarbon, the molecule becomes an alcohol.
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89) D The primary function of carbohydrates is immediate energy. Fats provide insulation and protection, DNA stores hereditary information, and phospholipids form the structural framework of all cell membranes.
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B Since the chemical test identified the presence of peptide bonds, your solution contains protein. Protein consists of amino acids linked together with peptide bonds.
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91) B Hydrogen bonds are necessary for a polypeptide to move from primary structure to secondary structure. The hydrogen bonds transition the molecule from a linear form to either an alpha helix or beta sheet formation.
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92) C Organic molecules are those that contain at least carbon and hydrogen.
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93) B
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94) C A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic except when it has a polar functional group attached. The polar functional group adds charges to the molecule which makes it attractive to water (hydrophilic).
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95) B Molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different molecular configurations are isomers.
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96) E The molecule pictured is cholesterol which is a steroid and all steroid molecules have skeletons of four fused carbon rings.
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97
C is the molecular formula for five glucose molecules. Each glucose molecule is and when multiplied by five equals. . To connect the five glucose molecules, there are four bonds formed through dehydration synthesis. One water is removed with the formation of each bond which equals . Subtract from and you are left with .
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98) A A polysaccharide is a polymer made of monomers of simple sugars which are also known as monosaccharides.
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99) E A triglyceride is made of three fatty acids and glycerol.
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100) A A dehydration reaction can also be called a condensation reaction since it forms water.
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D Cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrate molecules.
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102) C Cellulose is the carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants.
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103) D Glycogen is used to store energy in the liver.
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104) B Chitin is found in the exoskeleton of insects and crabs.
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105) C This molecule is a carbohydrate. It may easily be identified by confirming the C:H:O ratio as 1:2:1.
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106) B If an animal needed to store energy for long-term use, the best choice would be fat molecules.
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107) D A peptide bond is found in protein molecules.
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108) B Secondary structure of a protein consists of either an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet.
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109) A At the molecular level in different organisms, enzymes determine the optimal temperature and pH range for a cell.
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110) D Incorrect Answers: DNA is the genetic material of the cell. DNA, a double helix, consists of a backbone of repeating phosphate and sugar molecules. The sugar in DNA is specifically deoxyribose (ribose is found in RNA). The complementary base pairs that populate the central portion of the DNA molecule are A-T, C-G
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A DNA contains high amounts of nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.
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112) B In RNA, one of the bases from DNA (thymine) is replaced by uracil.
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113) B The reactivity of an organic molecule is primarily dependent on the attached functional group of the molecule.
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114) B Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds between some of the carbon atoms.
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115) D A saturated fat is often solid at room temperature, has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms, and is of animal origin. It does not contain more fatty acids chains than an unsaturated fat.
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116) D
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117) B Five molecules of water are used in hydrolysis reactions to degrade this polypeptide. One water molecule for each broken bond.
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118) A Figure 2 depicts a polymer undergoing hydrolysis. During hydrolysis a covalent bond is broken when a water molecule is added.
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119) D If 15% of the bases are adenine, then 15% would be thymine (since they are complementary bases). This means the remaining 70% would be divided between cytosine and guanine.
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120) A Sulfhydryl is represented by the letters SH
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A Steroids function as sex hormones and as a component of the cell membrane (cholesterol).
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122) A The best source of unsaturated fats would be the olive oil or safflower oil. Both of these are plant oils.
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123) E Proteins function in all of the following except for storage of energy.
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124) A Hemoglobin is found within the red blood cells. Keratin is found in hair and nails, and collagen is found within the ligaments, tendons, and skin. Actin and myosin are found within the muscles.
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A A tertiary protein structure consists of a single polypeptide chain folded into a globular shape.
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126) A A pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base are the components that make up a nucleotide.
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127) B RNA is a nucleic acid. Myosin is a protein, glucose and glycerol are carbohydrates, and cytosine is a nitrogenous base.
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128) D ATP has three phosphate bonds. The last two bonds are unstable and easily broken which releases the stored energy.
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129) D A carbon bond can form four single covalent bonds with other atoms.
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130) D Waxes consist of long-chain fatty acids bonded with carbon chains containing alcohol functional groups.
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131) A ATP is considered a nucleotide because it contains a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
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132) D Starch is a form of energy storage in plant cells.
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133) A Migratory birds store energy as fat, since gram per gram, fat stores more energy than glycogen

Bio Lec Final (3 decks)

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