Bio Lecture 8

Question 1

_______ ________ – directly observing the structure and markings of surface features

Answer 1

Visual inspection

Question 2

________ - Feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by sense of touch

Answer 2

Palpitation

Question 3

_________ – Tapping firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations

Answer 3

Percussion

Question 4

_______ – listening to sounds emitted from organs

Answer 4

Auscultation

Question 5

Fitness:

Answer 5

Knowing where muscles and muscle groups are located

Question 6

Diagnosis and Treatment

Knowing where to (4)

Answer 6

record a pulse

insert a needle

listen to functioning of internal organs

take radiographs

Question 7

The effectiveness of visual inspection and palpation in studying a person’s surface anatomy is influenced by the thickness of the _________, which varies in accordance with the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue present

Answer 7

hypodermis

Question 8

Cranial regions (3)

Answer 8

occipital region

frontal region

temporal region

Question 9

temporal region (3)

Answer 9

• Lateral region (also covered by scalp)
• Attachment for the temporalis muscle, which can be palpated when jaw is repeatedly clenched
• This region is often the point of entry for surgical procedures

Question 10

_____ region that surrounds (and includes) the eye

Answer 10

orbital

Question 11

_______ _______ (tears) wash away chemicals or foreign materials

Answer 11

lacrimal secretions

Question 12

_________ is a thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball and lines the undersurface of the eyelid; it reduces friction during blinking

Answer 12

conjunctiva

Question 13

_______ is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that refracts incoming light

Answer 13

cornea

Question 14

______ is the fleshy pinna of the ear that projects from the side of the head and projects sound into the external acoustic canal

Answer 14

auricle

Question 15

______ is the rim of the auricle, shaped and supported by eleastic cartilage

Answer 15

helix

Question 16

________ is the inferior portion of the auricle

Answer 16

earlobe

Question 17

______ is the small posteriorly directed projection partially covering and protecting the the external acoustic canal

Answer 17

tragus

Question 18

______ of the nose is the point in the skull where the nasal and frontal bones unite

Answer 18

root

Question 19

Facts: Bridge is the narrow part between nose

Answer 19

Fact: apex is the tip of the nose

Question 20

______ ______ ______ is the lateral depression where the ala of the nose contacts the tissues of the face

Answer 20

alar nasal sulcus

Question 21

_______ (or ala) of the nose forms the flared outer margin of each nostril

Answer 21

wings

Question 22

lips are upper and lower anterior borders of the mouth

chin is the anterior portion of the lower jaw

_______ is the vertical depression in the medial part of the upper lip

Answer 22

philtrum

Question 23

_____ _______ ______ (vertebral furrow) is visible, no matter how much adipose tissue is present

The vertebral spines are palpable

one may observe the furrow or palpate the spines to determine defects of the vertebral column

Answer 23

The median furrow

the scapulae are also palpable

Question 24

The _____ of the spine of the scapula is level with the third thoracic vertebra and the inferior angle of the scapula is even with the seventh thoracic vertebra

the medial and lateral borders are also palpable

Answer 24

base

Question 25

The ______ ___ ____________ the region bordered by the rhomboid major, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi At this site one can more easily hear respiratory sounds without interference from thick muscles

Answer 25

triangle of auscultation

Question 26

The palpable structures of the thorax include: (3)

Answer 26

the sternum the ribs the costal margin

Question 27

the _____ _____ is the location where the costal margins come together as an inverted V of the position of the xiphoid process of the sternum

Answer 27

costal angle

Question 28

surface anatomy of the abdomen (6)

Answer 28

the linea alba the linea semilunaris the umbilicus the costal margin the iliac crest the pubis

Question 29

The _______ _____- A tendinous, midventral raphe from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

Answer 29

linea alba

Question 30

the ______ _______ - These paired and slightly curved vertical lines represent the lateral border of the rectus sheaths which enclose the rectus abdominis muscle on each side.

Answer 30

linea semilunaris

Question 31

the _________ - site of attachment of the fetal umbilical cord

Answer 31

umbilicus

Question 32

the ______ ______- lower oblique boundary of the rib cage

Answer 32

costal margin

Question 33

______ costal margin is over the liver an gallbladder

Answer 33

right

Question 34

_____ costal margin is over the stomach and spleen

Answer 34

left

Question 35

the ______ _____- Highest point is opposite the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, - needed in spinal anesthesia

Answer 35

iliac crest

Question 36

the ______ - can be palpated at the anterior union of the two halves of the pelvic girdle

Answer 36

pubis

Question 37

The crest of the _____, the______ ____, and the inguinal ligament and ________ point are important pelvic landmarks

Answer 37

ilium symphysis pubis McBurney's

Question 38

The _______ _______ extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the symphysis pubis It’s clinically important because hernias may occur along it Ligament can’t be seen, but there is a groove overlying the ligament that can be seen

Answer 38

inguinal ligament

Question 39

___________ point is 1/3 of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine on a line between that spine and the umbilicus.

Answer 39

McBurney's

Question 40

An appendectomy is made through an incision at this point The perineum is the region that contains the external genitalia and the anal opening __________ point

Answer 40

McBurney's

Question 41

Fact: Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.

Answer 41

Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.

Question 42

Facts: The scapulae, clavicles, and humerus are palpable in the shoulder The axilla is clinically important because of the vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes located there

Answer 42

The brachial artery is an important pressure point in the brachium. The medial cubital vein is important for the removal of blood or for intravenous therapy

Question 43

The ______ ______ can be palpated in the ulnar sulcus posterior to the medial epicondyles The sulcus and ulnar nerve together are referred to as the “funny bone"

Answer 43

ulnar nerve

Question 44

The knuckles, fingernails, and tendons for the_______ _____ of the _______ can be observed on the posterior aspect of the hand

Answer 44

extensor muscles of the forearm

Question 45

The anatomical __________ is created by two tendons pulled taut Pulsations of the _____ artery can be detected here

Answer 45

snufflebox radial

Question 46

The two tendons include: The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle

Answer 46

extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus

Question 47

Flexion creases and the _______ _______ are important features on the anterior surface of the hand The _______ ______ is the thickened muscular portion of the hand that forms the base of the thumb

Answer 47

thenar eminence

Question 48

Digits have two types of joints:

Answer 48

MP joints Interphalangeal joints

Question 49

________ joints are metacarpophalangeal joints – connecting metacarpals and phalanges

Answer 49

MP

Question 50

________ joints are found between the bones of individual digits

Answer 50

Interphalangeal

Question 51

2 types of interphalangeal joints: _____ are distal interphalangeal joints _____ are proximal interphalangeal joints

Answer 51

DIPs PIPs

Question 52

The massive bones and muscles in the ______ and lower extremity serve as weight-bearers and locomotors.

Answer 52

buttock

Question 53

_______ ______ – forms most of the inferolateral “fleshy” part of the buttock

Answer 53

Gluteus maximus

Question 54

______ ______ - vertical separation between the buttocks

Answer 54

Natal clef

Question 55

_____ _____ – inferior border of the gluteus maximus

Answer 55

Gluteal fold

Question 56

Fact: The horizontal line between the iliac crests bisects the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebrae

Answer 56

Injections can safely be given 5 to 7 cm inferior to the crest without much risk to the sciatic nerve

Question 57

The thigh has three muscle groups:

Answer 57

anterior (quadriceps) medial (adductors) posterior (hamstrings

Question 58

_______ ______ Depression inferior to the location of the inguinal ligament on the anteromedial surface in the upper part on the thigh Major vessels of the lower extremity and the femoral nerve traverse this region

Answer 58

Femoral Triangle

Question 59

______ ______: Depression on the posterior aspect of the knee joint Important due to vascular problems that occur here in the elderly, due to reduced muscle tone and inactivity

Answer 59

Popliteal Fossa

Question 60

The structures of the leg include: (4)

Answer 60

tibia fibula the muscles of the calf the saphenous veins Fact: Great and small saphenous veins are superficial blood vessels

Question 61

The surface anatomy of the ____ includes structures adapted to support the weight of the body, maintain balance, and function during locomotion

Answer 61

foot

Question 62

_____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the lateral side of the foot _____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the medial side of the foot

Answer 62

Lateral Medial