Bio lesson 1.5 key terms

Question 1

Define Genetics

Answer 1

Genetics is the study of heredity and the idea of the biological traits are inherited existed long before the mechanisms of inheritance and gene
interactions were understood

Question 2

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 2

The Pioneer of Genetics (1822-1884) and is an Austrian monk

Believed to be the first to
scientifically attempt to explain
inheritance

Work with garden pea plants

Question 3

What was Gregor Mendel’s hypothesis

Answer 3

Hypothesized that the crossing of plants with different traits would create a blend

Question 4

Why was Gregor Mendel’s hypothesis wrong

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel’s hypothesis ended up becoming wrong as the pea plant always ended up being smooth

Made him come to the conclusion that there is are dominant and recessive genes

Question 5

Define genotype and give examples

Answer 5

The organisms genetic information that is hidden (blood type)

Question 6

Define phenotype and give examples

Answer 6

The observable Physical traits (hair and eye colour)

Question 7

Define allele

Answer 7

Alleles are a variation of genes

Question 8

Define Loci

Answer 8

Loci represents the physical location of a specific gene on a chromosome

Question 9

Mendel’s experiment: Define P generation

Answer 9

parents that are donating gametes

parent plants used in a cross

Question 10

Mendel’s experiment: Define F1 generation

Answer 10

first generation of offspring produced from parents

offspring from a P-generation cross

Question 11

Mendel’s experiment: Define F2 generation

Answer 11

second generation of offspring produced from F1 generation

offspring of a F1-generation cross

Question 12

What is Mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 12

Members of a pair of alleles for a given trait are separated when gametes are formed (meiosis)

Law stating 1 organism must inherit 2 copies of genes, one from each parent and 2 organisms donate only one copy of each gene to their gametes

Question 13

Define trait

Answer 13

particular version of a characteristic that is inherited (hair colour and blood type)

Question 14

Define True-breeding organism

Answer 14

Organisms that produce offspring that are genetically ideal for one or more traits when crossed with another true-breeding organism

homozygous for genes

Question 15

Define Hybrid

Answer 15

Offspring of to different true breeding plants

Question 16

Define a cross

Answer 16

Mating of two organisms from distinct genetic genes

Question 17

Define Monohybrid

Answer 17

an offspring of two different true-breeding plants that have different characteristics

Question 18

Define Monohybrid cross

Answer 18

a cross that is designed to study the inheritance of only one trait

Question 19

Define homozygous

Answer 19

Individual that carries two of the same alleles for a given characteristic

Question 20

Define heterozygous

Answer 20

Individual that carries two different alleles for a given characteristic

Question 21

Define Dominant allele

Answer 21

allele that is always expressed (if present)

Question 22

Define recessive allele

Answer 22

allele that is expressed only if not in the presence of a dominant allele if it it homozygous for the recessive allele

Question 23

Punnett square

Answer 23

summarizes every possible combination of each allele from each parent and is used to determine probability

Question 24

Probability

Answer 24

Likelihood that a outcome will occur if its a matter of chance