bio practical

Question 1

crossing over happens in what phase of meiosis

Answer 1

prophase I

Question 2

homologous chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite poles in what phase of meiosis

Answer 2

anaphase I

Question 3

DNA has what charge

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

which color electrode will the DNA migrate towards

Answer 4

red

Question 5

what is used to “cut” DNA at a specific sequence

Answer 5

restriction enzyme

Question 6

definition - emission of light by a living organism via an enzyme catalyzed reaction

Answer 6

bioluminescence

Question 7

definition - a type of cell signaling in unicellular organisms; cell activity changes when the population reaches a threshold size

Answer 7

quorum sensing

Question 8

definition - the ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a susceptible host

Answer 8

pathogenicity

Question 9

definition - the severity of a disease in a susceptible host

Answer 9

virulence

Question 10

definition - a molecule that kills bacteria or stops them from growing

Answer 10

antibiotic

Question 11

constructing a punnett square to follow a single characteristic would be a ___________ cross

Answer 11

monohybrid

Question 12

constructing a punnett square to follow two characteristics would be a ___________ cross

Answer 12

dihybrid

Question 13

definition - the observable physical properties of an organism

Answer 13

phenotype

Question 14

definition - the genetic makeup of an organism; complete set of genes

Answer 14

genotype

Question 15

definition - organisms reproductive (sex) cells

Answer 15

gamete

Question 16

definition - 2 identical copies of chromosome formed

Answer 16

sister chromatid

Question 17

definition - pair of chromosomes with the same genes

Answer 17

homologous chromosome

Question 18

definition - complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 19

definition - middle that binds chromosomes

Answer 19

centromere

Question 20

what is the genotype for CF

Answer 20

ff

Question 21

for an individual who is homozygous dominant FF (no CF gene) how many bands do you expect to see after the gel is stained

Answer 21

1

Question 22

diagram of the relationship between hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonad in producing testosterone

Answer 22

testes sense low testosterone –> stimulates hypothalamus –> hypothalamus produces GnRH –> signals to pituitary to make FSH and LH –> stimulates testes to make more testosterone

Question 23

how does testosterone regulate its own production

Answer 23

negative feedback

Question 24

an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too much thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

graves disease

Question 25

a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production or the body's inability to effectively use the insulin it produces

Answer 25

disbetes mellitus

Question 26

a condition in adults caused by the pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone, leading to abnormal growth of bones in the hands, feet, and face, as well as soft tissues

Answer 26

acromegaly

Question 27

a condition causing extreme thirst and frequent urination due to the kidneys' inability to regulate water balance

Answer 27

diabetes insipidus

Question 28

a rare disorder where the adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol and aldosterone

Answer 28

addisons disease

Question 29

the severe manifestation of hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by low thyroid hormone levels

Answer 29

myxedema