Bio Psych Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the four lobes of the brain and functions?
+Frontal: planning, organising, problem solving and memory
+Parietal: sensory info
+Occupital: Visual info
+Temporal: Auditory info
What are the four parts of the limbic system?
+Thalamus: reacting to stimuli from senses
+amygdala; emotions such as fight or flight.
+Hippocampus: memory
+Hypothalmus: regulates bodily functions by releasing hormones
What are the three ways of which hormones are collected?
+reuptake: taken back to pre synaptic neuron
+Broken down: degraded by neurone
+Diffusion: dispersed away
What is the VTA in relation to effects of drugs?
The VTA- the nucleus cumbers, limbic system and frontal lobe. Drugs activate this creating euphoria
Freuds 5 stages of development?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
Brain structure and functioning as reason for aggression?
Evidence?
+The limbic system, important for regulating aggression
+The Amygdala, important for causing aggression/ reacting to aggressive stimuli
+The Hypothalamus: role in regulating aggression via hormones
Evidence: -Charles Whitman and tumour in hypothalamus and amygdala
- Cocarro et al: Studying people with overactive amygdala, and less active pfc using FMRI
The Prefrontal Cortex as explanation for aggression?
Evidence?
Inhibits automatically aggression from the amygdala, what allows us to control our emotions.
+Phineas Gage
+Grafman et al : veterans who were more aggressive and damage to PFC
+Raine et al: NGRI had brain damage
Hormones as explanation for aggresion?
High levels of testosterone linked to aggression, reasons unknown may involve serotonin.
+dabbs et al, Test higher in violent criminals saliva
+Wagner et al, mice castrated, aggression reduced, when re injected, they increased.
Low cortisol cannot stop aggressive behaviour.
+Barzman et al: in children’s psych ward, low cortisol = more aggressive incidents.
Evolution and aggresion?
Buss et al, collected data which found that humans are aggressive to claim better resources…
Wilson and daly proposed status competition, police data from Detroit, majority from young unmarried men.
Twin study?
Gottesman and shields: if scz had genetic basis, severe scz MZ75% DZ22%
Freuds defence mechanisms?
Displacement, Denial,Repression, Regression and Projection
Evidence for Freud/ aggression +/-?
+Megargee and Mendlesson: if people don’t release aggression in small amounts, it will overwhelm
- Bushman, despite using catharsis more annoyed than before
Neurotansmitters as explanation for aggression?
Serotonin pathways involved in large number of regulating aggression, low levels do not active PFC normally, doesn’t inhibit amygdala and reactive aggression is not inhibited.
+ferrari et al: seretonin and dopamine decreased as rats expecting intruder.
Raines results/ conclusions?
+ lack of functioning in PFC, fails to regulate limbic system and less able to control aggression
+abnromal amygdala, fails to emotionally process, results in murderes being fearless
+abnormal hippocampus/ thalamus, cannot learn from new experiences
+right hemisphere generates negative mood, can’t be controlled by corpus callous.
adoption study?
Ludeke et al 2013: Mz had strong positive correlations across all aspects of personality compared to Dz.
Van den Oever aim?
To investigate the acute changes in intermolecular composition and functions of synapses in the medial pre frontal cortex upon re exposure to heroin cues following a period of either abstinence or extinction from self administration.
bio key question?
Can animals in psychological research ever be justified?
For: procedures not allowed on humans, animals good participants and shorter life spans, can observe neurological changes, less extraneous variables.
against: humans more complex, causes harm to the animals, alternate uses of technology.
practical stats test?
Spearman’s, 0.145, not significant.
