Bio (review)

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest whole unit of matter – composed of subatomic particles – protons and neutrons located in the nucleus

Question 2

Where are electrons located?

Answer 2

In energy shells surrounding the nucleus

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Pure substance composed of all the same type of atoms

- eg) O2

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

Maude up of 2 or more atoms of different elements bounded together in a fixed ratio
- eg) H2O

Question 5

How is a molecule formed?

Answer 5

When atoms join together

Question 6

Could a molecule be either an element or a compound?

Answer 6

Both

Question 7

Symbiosis

Answer 7

A situation in which 2 organisms live in close contact and at least one benefits

Question 8

What are 3 types of symbiosis?

Answer 8

1. Mutualism
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism

Question 9

Mutualism

Answer 9

A situation in which 2 organisms live in close contact and both benefit

Question 10

Parasitism

Answer 10

A situation in which one organism lives in or on another organism and feeds on that organism (one benefits and one gets hurt)

Question 11

Commensalism

Answer 11

A situation in which 2 organisms lives in close contact; one benefits and the other is not affected

Question 12

What is an example of a parasitism?

Answer 12

Lice

Question 13

What is an example of commensalism?

Answer 13

Ivy growing on a tree trunk

Question 14

Invasive species

Answer 14

Species introduced by humans into new environments with unforeseen consequences

Question 15

Monoculture

Answer 15

Crops grow in large fields containing a single kind of plant

Question 16

Climate change

Answer 16

Large quantities of greenhouse gases produced and emitted that trap thermal energy in the atmosphere

Question 17

Extirpation

Answer 17

Habitat loss and pollution which can lead to the loss of a species from a particular region – isolated habitat loss

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

Jelly like fluid inside cell – surrounds organelles and contains a “soup” of important chemicals needed for cells processes

Question 19

Vacuole

Answer 19

Membrane sacks – store food and water

Question 20

Do plant cells have vacuoles?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What do vacuoles do in plant cells?

Answer 21

Maintains cell shape

Question 22

Lysosome

Answer 22

Vacuole with digestive enzymes

Question 23

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 23

They break down food and is involved in apoptosis

Question 24

Apoptosis

Answer 24

Cell death

Question 25

Cell membrane

Answer 25

Membrane filled with proteins and enzymes

Question 26

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 26

Control what goes in and what comes out of the cells, separates cell from external environment

Question 27

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 27

System of tubes made from membranes

Question 28

What does the ER do?

Answer 28

Transports proteins and other material throughout the cell

Question 29

Ribosome

Answer 29

Very small structures made of DNA and protein

Question 30

Where are ribosomes normally found?

Answer 30

On the ER

Question 31

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 31

They make proteins by "reading" the genetic code

Question 32

Golgi body

Answer 32

Membrane tubes in a bundle with buds of membrane coming off

Question 33

What does the golgi body do?

Answer 33

They sort, modify, package and ship proteins

Question 34

What organelle has a double membrane?

Answer 34

Mitochondria

Question 35

What does the mitochondria do? (2)

Answer 35

1. It is the powerhouse of the cell. It produces energy from food such as sugars 2. Performs cellular respiration

Question 36

Nuclear membrane

Answer 36

Membrane around the nucleus that is very porous

Question 37

What does the nuclear membrane do? (2)

Answer 37

1. It allows the genetic code to be communicated with the ribosomes 2. Allows other materials in and out of the nucleus

Question 38

Nucleus

Answer 38

Circular structure inside membrane

Question 39

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 39

Holds and protects chromatin

Question 40

Nucleolus

Answer 40

Circular structure inside the nucleus

Question 41

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 41

Makes ribosomes

Question 42

What organelle is only found in animal cells?

Answer 42

Centrioles

Question 43

Centrioles

Answer 43

2 perpendicular bundles of tubes

Question 44

What are centrioles involved in?

Answer 44

Cell division

Question 45

What 2 organelles are only found in plant cells?

Answer 45

1. Chloroplast | 2. Cell wall

Question 46

Chloroplast

Answer 46

Oval shaped organelle filled with stacks of proteins

Question 47

Where is the main site of photosynthesis?

Answer 47

Chlorplast

Question 48

What does chloroplast do?

Answer 48

Makes sugars to fuel the mitochondria

Question 49

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 49

Allows cells to trap suns energy for photosynthesis

Question 50

Cell wall

Answer 50

Thick, geometric tough/hard outer covering of the cell

Question 51

What are 2 functions of the cell wall?

Answer 51

1. Maintains structure for the cell | 2. Separates the cell from external environment

Question 52

What feature do flagellum/cilla have? What are they used for?

Answer 52

1. Whip like tails | 2. Used for locomotion

Question 53

Cell cycle

Answer 53

Entire period of a cells life

Question 54

What are the 4 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 54

1. Interphase 2. G1 3. G2 4. Mitosis

Question 55

Unicellular

Answer 55

Organisms with one cell

Question 56

Multicellular

Answer 56

Organisms with more than one cell

Question 57

Micro-organism

Answer 57

And organism of microscopic/small size that can be seen using a microscope

Question 58

What are 2 examples of micro-organisms?

Answer 58

1. Bacteria - eg) E. Coli 2. Fungi - Yeast

Question 59

Hypothesis

Answer 59

A predicted, educated answer with a theoretical explanation to a testable question which the experiment attempts to answer

Question 60

What does the hypothesis state?

Answer 60

The relationship between the dependent and independent variables

Question 61

Independent variable

Answer 61

The variable which is manipulated | - should only be one

Question 62

Dependant variable

Answer 62

The measured variable | - responds to changes in the independant variable

Question 63

Controlled experiment

Answer 63

Experiment that involves only one independent variable and multiple controlled variables, and also involved a control group to serve as a basis for comparison