BIO TEST #3

Question 1

what is crohn’s disease

Answer 1

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation

Question 2

causes of Crohns

Answer 2

• faulty immune system
• Genetics

Question 3

symptoms of crohn’s

Answer 3

-fever
-diarrhea
fatigue

Question 4

treatments of crohn’s

Answer 4

• certain steroids
• Azathioprine
• mercaptopurine

Question 5

what body parts use chemical digestion

Answer 5

mouth, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

Question 6

what parts of the body use mechanical digestion

Answer 6

mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 7

order of food passing through the digestive system

Answer 7

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 8

what enzyme breaks down lipids

Answer 8

lipase

Question 9

what enzyme breaks down carbs

Answer 9

pancreatic amylase

Question 10

what enzyme breaks down proteins

Answer 10

trypsin

Question 11

polar substance

Answer 11

-contains oppositely changed regions within the same molecule and are hydrophilic.
- doesn’t mix with non-polar substance
- water, ethanol dissolves in another polar substance

Question 12

non-polar substance

Answer 12

• does not have distinct positive and negative regions and are hydrophobic
  -oil, gasoline

Question 13

emulsification

Answer 13

a process by which fat globules are broken down into tiny fat droplets

Question 14

segmentation

Answer 14

contraction and relaxation of the small intestine intestinal wall that pushes chyme back and forth

Question 15

peristalsis

Answer 15

nokia being pushed down the esophagus by strong, rhythmic, wave like contractions

Question 16

four main steps of digestion

Answer 16

movement, digestion, absorption, and egestion

Question 17

movement

Answer 17

food travels down the digestive tract

Question 18

digestion

Answer 18

consists of mechanical and chemical breakdown

Question 19

absorption

Answer 19

the transfer of digested nutrients from the digestive system to your bloodstream

Question 20

egestion

Answer 20

the removal of waste food materials from the body

Question 21

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 21

-pH of 8.5
- slightly basic and neutralizes the acidic chyme

Question 22

what is bile and where is it produced

Answer 22

• made in the liver
• yellowish green liquid that helps digest lipids/ fats

Question 23

cardiac sphincter

Answer 23

• valve between esophagus and the stomach
• prevent reflux of stomach acids into the esophagus

Question 24

pyloric sphincter

Answer 24

• valve between stomach and the small intestine intestinal wall
• controls the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine intestinal wall

Question 25

what is the food called after it’s mixed with the gastric acid

Answer 25

chyme

Question 26

how many muscles layers is the stomach made up of?

Answer 26

3 layers

Question 27

3 different types of salivary glands

Answer 27

-parotid glands -submandibular glands -sublingual glands

Question 28

what are the four different types of teeth

Answer 28

incisor, canine, premolar, and molar

Question 29

chemical and mechanical digestion in the mouth

Answer 29

chem: saliva containing enzyme that breaks down starches mech: food being chewed

Question 30

chemical and mechanical digestion in the stomach

Answer 30

mech: the stomach muscles churning food chem: the stomach muscles mixing the food with gastric acid

Question 31

chemical and mechanical digestion in the small intestine

Answer 31

mech: segmentation describes the contraction and relaxation of the small intestine intestinal chem: the pancreas produces pancreatic juices which is secreted

Question 32

chemical and mechanical digestion in the large intestine

Answer 32

chem: indigestible food matter is digested by enteric bacteria that thrives in the large intestine

Question 33

the digestive tract organ

Answer 33

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 34

the accessory digestive organs

Answer 34

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

Question 35

mouth

Answer 35

-where digestion begins

Question 36

teeth

Answer 36

- crushes and cuts food into smaller pieces

Question 37

salivary glands

Answer 37

-produces saliva - saliva lubricants food

Question 38

tongue

Answer 38

- made up of several muscles -pushes food to pharynx for swallowing

Question 39

Pharynx

Answer 39

-space behind oral cavity - has a space called the epiglottis -epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from going down

Question 40

esophagus

Answer 40

- a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach contents into -uses peristalsis

Question 41

stomach

Answer 41

- j shaped organ containing 3 layers of muscles -mixes food with gastric juice to make it chyme

Question 42

small intestine

Answer 42

- most of the digestion of nutrients occurs and is completed in the small intestine

Question 43

large intestine

Answer 43

- water absorption - absorption of vitamins - removes undigested food

Question 44

pancreas

Answer 44

-produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine intestinal chem

Question 45

liver

Answer 45

-makes and secretes bile - purifies new blood with nutrients coming from the small intestine

Question 46

gallbladder

Answer 46

stores and concentrates the bile from the liver

Question 47

rectum

Answer 47

-stores feces before elimination

Question 48

anus

Answer 48

- ending period of gastrointestinal tract where feces leave the body

Question 49

amylase

Answer 49

an enzyme that breaks down starches mech

Question 50

what five tastes can the tongue detect

Answer 50

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 51

hydrochloric acid

Answer 51

-pH of 2 - acidity kills ingested bacteria and denatures proteins

Question 52

pepsin

Answer 52

an enzyme made glands in the stomach wall that breaks down proteins into polypeptides

Question 53

rugae

Answer 53

- gastric folds in the stomach allowing the stomach to expand when large amount of food is present

Question 54

mucus

Answer 54

- protects the stomach from HCI corrosion and prevents the stomach from digesting itself

Question 55

3 sections of small intestine

Answer 55

- duodenum -jejunom - ileum

Question 56

villi

Answer 56

-finger like projections located on the surface of the small intestinal wall - increase maximal absorption

Question 57

microvilli

Answer 57

-tiny, brush- border projections found on the surface of cells that make up the villi