bio test 3 - lecture 5

Question 1

Which is a description or function of intracellular receptors we discussed in class?

Answer 1

it completes-
taking place inside the cell
control expression (gene)
alter DNA— create or destroy
act as enzymes —> cause chemical reactions
send messages to nucleus

Question 2

______________________ are located in the plasma membrane and convert an extracellular signal to an intracellular one. Fill in the blank.

Answer 2

Cell Surface Receptors

Question 3

Which is a description or function of chemically gated ion channels we discussed in class?

Answer 3

can only be opened by having ligand attach —> once attached can go through
chemically gated —> ligand needs to attach or else gated will stay shut
ion can only pass through —> ion channels
can be both passive and active

Question 4

Which is a description or function of enzymatic receptors we discussed in class?

Answer 4

enzymes carry out chemical reactions
for a response —> attach ligand

Question 5

Which is a description or function of G-protein linked receptors we discussed in class?

Answer 5

INDIRECTLY turn something on —> enzymes, carriers, channels
Guanosine triphosphate binding protein (G-protein)
attaches to the GTP
ligand attaches to the GTP
Picture slide 9
SIMILAR to ATP —> guanine base

Question 6

___________________ are small molecules or ions which can alter the behavior or particular proteins by binding them and changing their shape after an enzyme has been activated (via enzymatic receptors or G-proteins). Fill in the blank.

Answer 6

Second messengers

Question 7

cAMP is a type of second messenger. Which statement describes what is occurring at this step of its cycle (i.e. know what is occurring within this diagram)?

Answer 7

1. has to have a G-protein receptor—> Ligand has to attach to it—>can then power up adenylyl cyclase
2. cAMP is then made in high quantities—> then starts binding to Protein Kinases —> then can have cellular response

Question 8

Calcium (Ca) is a type of second messenger. What can result from calcium being used as a second messenger (i.e. what can occur within your body that we discussed in class?

Answer 8

OST IMPORTANT
skeletal muscle cells can’t contract
endocrine cells (secrete) -→ can not be sent without hormones
most important messages
ligand attaches to G-protein
create product—> IP3
attach to endoplasmic reticulum
attach to PKA’s

Question 9

Which statement accurately describes a protein kinase cascade?

Answer 9

a chain reaction to create more enzyme products
only 1 signal +1 receptor to start the process
cascade event that cause cellular response

Question 10

Mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases are an important class of cytoplasmic kinases. What can they be used for within our bodies?

Answer 10

a chemical that stimulates cell division by activating the normal pathways that control cell division
IF CAN NOT CONTROL MITOGEN —> CANCER
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