bio test mon.

Question 1

what is a concentration gradient?

Answer 1

a difference in the number of molecules inside and outside of the cell

Question 2

active transport uses _____ to move ions across the membrane from low –> high?

Answer 2

protein pumps

Question 3

in which direction will the molecules diffuses?

Answer 3

into the cell

Question 4

blood cells coming from the lungs will have a high of ____ and a low of _____

Answer 4

O2 : CO2

Question 5

muscle cells have a high of ____ and a low of _____

Answer 5

CO2 ; O2

Question 6

what would happen if oxygen reached equilibrium?

Answer 6

w out a gradient, O2 would no longer diffuse into the muscle cells
- would eventually lead to organ failure

Question 7

Facilitated diffusion is a type of ____ transport?

Answer 7

passive transport

Question 8

phosphorylates

Question 9

“membrane potential”

Question 10

bulk transport is a type of what transport?

Answer 10

active

Question 11

bulk transport requires what

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

what is bulk transport?

Answer 12

the movement of large molecules into or out of the cell using vesicles

Question 13

phagocytosis “cell eating”

Answer 13

moves solids into the cell by pseudopods

Question 14

Pinocytosis “cell drinking”

Answer 14

moves liquids into the cell by “pinching in” the membrane

Question 15

fluid mosaic model

Answer 15

refers to the movement and makeup of the cell membrane

Question 16

diffusion

Answer 16

allows lipid-soluble molecules to easily move through the membrane

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

a type of cell transport that uses protein channels or carriers to move from high –> low

Question 18

phosphate heads

Answer 18

• polar
• face inside and outside of the cell membrane

Question 19

osmosis

Answer 19

the movement of water into and out of the cell

Question 20

_____ are required to move ions across against the gradient ; requires ATP

Answer 20

protein pumps

Question 21

passive

Answer 21

type of transport that does not require energy
- moves molecules from high –> low

Question 22

cholesterol

Answer 22

a small, hydrophobic molecule that maintains the fluidity of the cell membrane
- only found in animal cells

Question 23

what is the hydrophobic part of the cell membrane made up of?

Answer 23

fatty acids

Question 24

what is the name of the transport proteins that allows water into and out of the cell

Answer 24

aquaporins

Question 25

endocytosis

Answer 25

movement of large substances into the cell

Question 26

what kinds of molecules are hydrophobic and do not interact with water

Answer 26

non-polar

Question 27

active transport

Answer 27

• requires ATP
• moves ions against the gradient from a region of low –> high

Question 28

bulk transport

Answer 28

type of transport that uses vesicles to move large substances into or out of the cell

Question 29

the cell membrane is made of what

Answer 29

phospholipid bilayer

Question 30

_____ substances (like glucose) need to use transport proteins (carriers or channels) to get through the membrane

Answer 30

polar

Question 31

enzymes

Answer 31

proteins that lower activation energy, allowing chemical reactions to occur

Question 32

a concentration gradient exists when what…

Answer 32

when there are differences in the # of molecules across the membrane

Question 33

glycoproteins

Answer 33

proteins in the membrane that are involved with “self or nonself” recognition

Question 34

oxygen

Answer 34

a small, nonpolar molecule that can easily diffuse into cells and is necessary for aerobic respiration

Question 35

exocytosis

Answer 35

movement of large substances out of the cell

Question 36

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 36

no net movement across the membrane

Question 37

receptor

Answer 37

a membrane protein that gets activated by a ligand and causes a “signal transduction” inside the cell