osmosis

Question 1

what is the name of the membrane channels that allow water through the cell membrane?

Answer 1

aquaporins

Question 2

when 2 regions have the same solute, they are said to be what?

Answer 2

isotonic

Question 3

what is the cell structure that prevents plant cells from bursting in hypotonic environments?

Answer 3

cell wall

Question 4

what is the term that describes a firm, fully hydrated plant cell?

Answer 4

turgid

Question 5

what is osmoregulation?

Answer 5

control of water balance within an organism
- humans osmoregulate through the excretory system, using the kidneys

Question 6

movement of water from high–>low

Answer 6

diffusion

Question 7

what is the special organelle found in protists that squeezes out excess water?

Answer 7

contractile vacuole

Question 8

type of cell transport that uses protein carriers or channels to move from high –> low

Answer 8

facilitated diffusion

Question 9

what is it called when an animal cells burst due to the net movement of water into the cell?

Answer 9

cytolysis

Question 10

what is the process called when plant cells lose water and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall?

Answer 10

plasmolysis

Question 11

what is it called when a solution has a HIGHER solute concentration and a LOWER water concentration?

Answer 11

hypertonic

Question 12

what is it called when a solution has a LOWER solute concentration and a HIGHER water concentration?

Answer 12

hypotonic

Question 13

cytoplasm is ______% water and ______% solute

Answer 13

98 ; 2

Question 14

what will happen in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 14

water will move out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink (dehydration)

Question 15

what will happen in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 15

water will move into the cell, causing the cell to swell

Question 16

what will happen in a isotonic solution?

Answer 16

there will be no net movement of water ; the cell will stay the same size

Question 17

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 17

the pressure the water exerts when pushing out of the cell membrane

Question 18

what will happen when osmotic pressure gets too high?

Answer 18

the cell will burst ; also known as cytolysis

Question 19

what is it called when a cell’s central vacuole isn’t completely filled in an isotonic solution?

Answer 19

flaccid –> limp

Question 20

plasmolysis

Answer 20

contraction of the cell wall in a plant cell due to the loss of water

Question 21

if a human drinks water that is 100% hypotonic, what will happen

Answer 21

your cells will swell or pop ; has to be exposed to a 2% saline solution

Question 22

someone is stranded on an island and drank salt water and passed out…. why??

Answer 22

Because the water is hypertonic and the cells will shrink and not function as well