Bio test on 12 and 13

Question 1

A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism.

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

An agent that causes disease, such as a virus or bacterium.

Answer 2

pathogen

Question 3

Microorganisms, especially those that can cause disease.

Answer 3

germs

Question 4

Related to the immune system and its responses

Answer 4

immunological

Question 5

A condition present from birth

Answer 5

congenital

Question 6

Hypersensitive immune responses to substances.

Answer 6

allergies

Question 7

Related to genes or heredity.

Answer 7

genetic

Question 8

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.

Answer 8

cancer

Question 9

Not harmful in effect; in medicine, it refers to non-cancerous tumors.

Answer 9

benign

Question 10

What does malignant mean?

Answer 10

Referring to cancerous growths that can spread.

Question 11

What does communicable mean?

Answer 11

Able to be transmitted from one person to another.

Question 12

What does infectious mean?

Answer 12

Capable of causing infection.

Question 13

What are bacteria?

Answer 13

Single-celled microorganisms that can be beneficial or harmful.

Question 14

What are plasmids?

Answer 14

Small DNA molecules within a cell that are physically separated from chromosomal DNA.

Question 15

What are the shapes of bacteria?

Answer 15

Spirilla (spiral), cocci (spherical), and bacilli (rod-shaped).

Question 16

What is binary fission?

Answer 16

A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria.

Question 17

Who is Louis Pasteur?

Answer 17

A scientist known for his contributions to microbiology and vaccination.

Question 18

Who is Robert Koch?

Answer 18

A physician and microbiologist who identified the causative agents of tuberculosis and cholera.

Question 19

What is a virus?

Answer 19

A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

Question 20

What are fungi?

Answer 20

A kingdom of usually multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that includes yeasts and molds.

Question 21

What is a vector?

Answer 21

An organism that transmits disease pathogens.

Question 22

What is a carrier?

Answer 22

An individual who harbors a pathogen without showing symptoms.

Question 23

What is the incubation period?

Answer 23

The time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms.

Question 24

What is a pandemic?

Answer 24

An outbreak of a disease occurring over a wide geographic area.

Question 25

What is a vaccine?

Answer 25

A substance that stimulates the immune system to provide immunity against a disease.

Question 26

Who is Lister?

Answer 26

A surgeon known for developing antiseptic surgical methods.

Question 27

What is histamine?

Answer 27

A compound involved in local immune responses and regulating physiological functions.

Question 28

What is interferon?

Answer 28

A protein produced by cells in response to viral infections.

Question 29

What are antibodies?

Answer 29

Proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens.

Question 30

What is lymph?

Answer 30

A fluid containing white blood cells that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system.

Question 31

What are tonsils?

Answer 31

Lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat that help fight infections.

Question 32

What is the spleen?

Answer 32

An organ that filters blood and helps fight infections.

Question 33

What are lysozymes?

Answer 33

Enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls.

Question 34

What is active acquired immunity?

Answer 34

Immunity gained through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination.

Question 35

What is innate immunity?

Answer 35

The natural defenses present at birth.

Question 36

What is HIV?

Answer 36

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks the immune system.

Question 37

What is the Bible?

Answer 37

A collection of sacred texts in Christianity and Judaism.

Question 38

Who are the Jews?

Answer 38

An ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites.

Question 39

Who is Solomon?

Answer 39

A biblical figure known for his wisdom and wealth.

Question 40

Who are the Greeks?

Answer 40

An ancient civilization known for its contributions to philosophy, science, and the arts.

Question 41

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 41

The discredited theory that living organisms can arise from non-living matter.

Question 42

What is evolution?

Answer 42

The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify.

Question 43

What is a xaxamander?

Answer 43

A term that may refer to a type of amphibian, though it is not widely recognized.

Question 44

An ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens.

Answer 44

Plato

Question 45

Greek philosopher and polymath who made significant contributions to many fields.

Answer 45

Aristotle

Question 46

An ancient civilization known for its empire and contributions to law, politics, and engineering.

Answer 46

Romans

Question 47

Who is Galen?

Answer 47

A Greek physician whose writings dominated medical understanding for centuries.

Question 48

A Christian sect that follows the teachings of Nestorius.

Answer 48

Nestorians

Question 49

A physician known for his work in anatomy and the study of the human body.

Answer 49

Andreas Vesalius

Question 50

The philosophical view that only physical matter exists.

Answer 50

materialism

Question 51

A scientist known for his work in microscopy and cell theory.

Answer 51

Robert Hooke

Question 52

A pioneer in microscopy who discovered microorganisms.

Answer 52

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 53

The scientific theory that all living things are composed of cells.

Answer 53

cell theory

Question 54

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, to be tested.

Answer 54

hypothesis

Question 55

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.

Answer 55

theory